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　　extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun

　　shines.

　　表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

　　真正意味：趁热打铁

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into

　　sword.

　　表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

　　11.Irony 反语

　　反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.

　　例如:

　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not

　　knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)

　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes,

　　no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　12.Pun 双关

　　双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

　　例如:

　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too

　　brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies

　　abroad for the good of his country.

　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall

　　hang separately.

　　13.Parody 仿拟

　　这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.

　　例如:

　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a

　　year.

　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be

　　avoided.

　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she

　　will make address of it.

　　14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)

　　它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

　　例如:

　　1>.How was it possible target=_blank

　　class=infotextkey>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see

　　nothing worth of note?

　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go

　　unanswered?

　　15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶

　　这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.

　　例如:

　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I

　　loved Romemore.

　　2>.You are staying; I am going.