人教版(新目标)初中英语七年级下册Unit 7(2)
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注意:表示下雨时,可以用rain的不同形式来表达。例如:
(1)There was a heavy rain during the night. (rain作不可数名词,意为“雨”)夜间下了一场大雨。
(2)It is rainy in Beijing. (rainy是rain的形容词形式,意为“下雨的”)
= It is raining in Beijing. (rain 作动词)北京在下雨。
2. windy
windy是wind的形容词形式,意为“多风的”,是名词wind加y变来的形容词。英语中,许多表天气的名词后加y,可以变成相应的形容词。例如:
cloud(云) +y→cloudy 多云的 sun (太阳) + n +y→sunny (晴朗的)
rain(雨) + y→rainy(下雨的) snow(雪) + y→snowy (下雪的)
3. cook
cook作及物动词,意为“烹调”,其后可接三餐或具体的某种菜肴作宾语,也可作不及物动词。例如:
My mother cooks breakfast for me every morning.
妈妈每天早上给我做早饭。
She’s cooking now. 她正在做饭。
拓展:
(1)cook 作名词,意为“厨师”。例如:
His uncle is a good cook. 他的叔叔是一个好厨师。
(2)cook 后加-er,构成cooker,是可数名词,意为“厨具”。例如:
There are all kinds of cookers in the supermarket.
超市里有各种各样的厨具。
4. message
message 意为“消息,信息”。take a message 意为“捎个口信”;leave a message 意为“留个口信”;send a message 意为“发送信息”。例如:
Can I take a message for him?
我能给他捎个口信吗?
He sent a message to me yesterday.
他昨天给我发了一条信息。
5. back
back 副词,意为“回来”或者“回原处”。call sb. back 意为“给某人回个电话”。例如:
I’ll call (you) back. 我将(给你)回电话。
(1)back 还可以和其他一些动词一起构成短语动词,如:
be back (返回),come back (回来), go back (回去),
get back (返回), bring back (拿回来)等。
例如:It’s September now. We are all back at school. 现在是九月,我们都回到了学校。
When are you coming back? 你什么时候回来?
(2)back 作名词,意为“后背”,“后面”或“后部”。例如:
Do you know the little boy on his back?
你认识他背上的那个小男孩吗?
There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.
我们教室后面有一块黑板。
(3)back 作形容词,意为“后面的”。
There is a picture on the back wall.
后墙上有张图画。
6. dry
(1)dry作形容词, 意为“干燥的”,其反义词为“潮湿的”。例如:
This coat will keep you dry in the rain.
这件外套将使你在雨中不被淋湿。
(2)dry 作动词,既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,意为“使干燥,弄干,变干”。例如:
Don’t cry! Dry your eyes.
别哭了!擦干眼泪。
The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.
湿衣服在阳光下很快就会干。
7. cold&hot; warm&cool
(1)cold 寒冷的,冷的; 它的反义词是hot,意为“炎热的”;在句子中做定语或者表语;常用来描述天气。例如:
It’s hot today. 今天天气炎热。
On a cold night, we stayed at home and watched TV.
在一个寒冷的夜晚,我们呆在家里看电视。
(2)warm 意为“暖和的”,cool意为“凉爽的”;这是也是一组反义词,常用来描述天气;也常用来做定语或者表语。例如:
It’s warm in spring and cool in autumn.
春天天气暖和,秋天天气凉爽。
注意:cool 还可以用形容词,还有“酷的,绝妙的”之意。用来赞美人、物或者事。例如:
He looks cool in his new T-shirt.
他穿上新T恤看上去很酷。
8. sit&seat
二者均可表示“坐”,sit是不及物动词,主语是人;seat是及物动词,主语是人时,表示“使……坐下”,宾语常是反身代词;主语是处所时,表示“能坐多少人”。例如:
She sits alone in her room.
她独自坐在房间里。
Our classroom can seat fifty students.
我们教室能坐50个学生。
9. vacation
vacation 意为“假期”,on a vacation 意为“度假”。例如:
In summer, we often go to the mountains on a vacation.
夏天我们经常去山里度假。
拓展:vacation&holiday
vacation
“假期”,指放下工作和学习的一段较长的休息时间,常可以用holiday替换。
holiday
“假日,休息日”,主要指按风俗习惯或法律规定的纪念日或休息日。在英式英语中,其复数形式可表示延续一段时间的“假期”,美式英语则习惯用单数。
10. hard
hard副词,意为“努力地,辛苦地”,常放在动词后面修饰动词。例如:
They are studying hard. 他们在努力学习。
hard 还可以作形容词,意为“困难的,艰难的”时,与difficult同义,与easy相反;意为“硬的,牢固的”,与soft相对;hard还可以意为“严的,严厉的”。例如:
The stone is hard. 石头很硬。
Don’t be too hard on her—she’s very young.
别对她太严厉了——她还小呢。
11. mountain&hill
mountain
指陡峭连绵的高山
the Taihang Mountains 太行山脉
hill
指较低矮的小山或丘陵
It’s easy to climb a hill but difficult to climb a mountain. 爬小山很容易,但爬大山很难。
12. country
(1) country 名词,意为“国,国家”。复数形式是countries。例如:
This is a beautiful country.
这是一个美丽的国家。
Chinais a big country.
中国是一个大国。
(2)country 作名词,还可以指“农村,乡下”,相当于countryside, 前面常用定冠词the。例如:
My grandparents live in the country.
我的爷爷奶奶住在农村。
练一练:
Ⅰ. 英汉互译。
1.玩儿电脑游戏________ 2. at/in the park_______ 3. right now_______
4. 喝橘子汁________ 5. write to sb.________ 6. 打篮球_______
Ⅱ. 根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。
1. How’s the w_______ inBeijing?
2. It often s______ in the north ofChinain winter and the weather is very cold.
3. They are inFranceon v______.
4. It’s too h_______. Let’s go swimming.
5. She is sitting at the b______ of the classroom.
6. My mother is c_______ in the kitchen.
7. There is a m______ for you from your cousin.
8. Study h______ and you can pass the test.
9. China is a large c_______.
10. Your coat is wet. You can make it d______ in the sun.
Ⅲ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s a ______ (rain) day.
2. That _______ (sound) bad.
3. Look! It is ______ (snow).
4. Hello! Lily ______ (speak).
5. I don’t know the time. My watch doesn’t ______ (work).
Ⅳ.选词填空。
1. He is a _____. He is ______ dinner now. ( cooking/cook/cooker)
2. He can’t answer so difficult ______ (problems / questions)
3. In a park, _______ children are playing in the snow. (some of / some)
4. He has only _____ sister. She is reading ______ book now.(a/one)
5. I’m ______ English and I’m ______ a lot from my teacher. (studying/learning)
6. I want to know the time but my watch isn’t ______ .(going / working)
7. Have a ______ (sit/seat) please.
8. Climbing the high_______(hill/mountain) is not easy.
9. The ______ is shinning. It’s ______ (sunny/sun).
10. It often ______ (is raining / rains) in summer in my hometown.
