初中英语语法：直接引语和间接引语

　　　　语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

　　　　1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

　　　　① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

　　　　陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：

　　　　“I am going to the cinema. ”

　　　　→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

　　　　② 一般疑问句

　　　　用if/whether连接，例：

　　　　“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

　　　　→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

　　　　③ 反意疑问句

　　　　用if/whether连接，例：

　　　　He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

　　　　→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

　　　　④ 特殊疑问句

　　　　由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：

　　　　He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

　　　　→ He asked who would come to help them.

　　　　She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

　　　　→ She asked Simon where he had been.

　　　　⑤ 选择疑问句

　　　　由 whether…or 引导，例：

　　　　Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

　　　　→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

　　　　⑥ 祈使句

　　　　用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：

　　　　“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

　　　　→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

　　　　“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

　　　　→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.