八年级英语上期末复习:动词时态专题(2)
5. 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示过去习惯性的动作,不涉及与现在的关系,它常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, in 1998, three days ago 等。现在完成时强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,以及过去已经开始并延续到现在的动作,与现在有着密切的关系,因而不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
6. 举例:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris. ( 她已从巴黎回来了。)
She returned yesterday. (她是昨天回来了。)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. (三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
-He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
二、过去进行时
(一) 概念和形式:
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
(二)具体用法:
1) 表示过去某一时刻或过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,一般要有表示过去时间的状语。
例如:
At that time she was working in Oxford.
那时,她正在牛津大学工作。
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.
今天早晨六点钟天正下着雨。
What were you doing when I phoned you last night?
昨晚我给你打电话时你在干什么?
2) 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续性动词用过去进行时,非延续性动词用一般过去时。
例如:
They were watching TV when I entered the room.
我进入房间时,他们正在看电视。
若主句和从句的动词均为延续性动词,则可以两边都可以采用过去进行时。
例如:
The children were playing with their toys while I was eating my dinner.
我吃饭的时候,孩子们在玩他们的玩具。
3) 可用来表示由过去某时持续到另一时间的过去动作。
例如:
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在1999年和2001年那段时间,他在剑桥学习。
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
从一月份到三月份期间,我在埃及旅游。
这种时间状语亦可同一般过去时连用,如:
例如:
He worked from morning till night yesterday.
昨天他从早到晚地工作。
4) 表示故事发生的背景。
It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank.
Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...
一个阳光明媚的清晨。河堤上坐着几个人。有的人在溜狗。不远处有几个男童在踢足球...
5)与某些动词连用时,代替过去将来时。这类动词有 come来, go去, leave离开, start开始, stay逗留 等。主语必须是人。
例如:
He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.
他打电话给我,说他姨妈很快就要看我了。
注意:
(一)有一些动词一般不用过去进行时:如agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如:
误:I was knowing the answer.
正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误:I wasn't understanding him.
正:I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
(二)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别。
A. 进行时表某一行为的"片断"一般时表示行为的"整体"和存在的状态。
I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,"读"的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个"读")
B. 一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
It was raining all night.
(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon.
(短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
C. while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
例如:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
D. While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时,但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时,
两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时,长的用进行时。
I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
I saw him while I was walking to the station.