during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.

　　15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)

　　16. play the piano　弹钢琴

　　17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣

　　②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣

　　③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣

　　④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest

　　如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking

　　English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。

　　⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人

　　⑥ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物

　　⑦ an interesting book / man

　　18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.

　　be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.

　　19. on 副词，表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开，

　　其反义词off. 　with the light on 灯开着

　　20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校

　　21.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”

　　①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)

　　②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事　如：

　　He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着

　　He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。

　　pay for 花费

　　如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。

　　take动词 有“花费”的意思　常用的结构有：

　　It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.

　　22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊　如：I like to chat with him.

　　我喜欢和他聊天。

　　23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事　worry 是动词

　　be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事　worried 是形容词

　　如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。

　　Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。

　　24. all the time 一直、始终

　　25. take sb. to + 地方　送/带某人去某个地方　如：

　　A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。

　　Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)

　　26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的;猛烈地

　　hardly ever 很少

　　hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义

　　动词之前　助动词/情态动词+hardly

　　hardly + 实义动词　　如：

　　I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。

　　I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。

　　It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.

　　27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内　常与完成时连用　如：

　　I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。

　　28. be different from 与…不同

　　29. how to swim 怎样游泳

　　不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：

　　The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。

　　I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。

　　30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词　　make you happy

　　make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh

　　31. move to +地方　搬到某地　如：I moved to Beijing last year.

　　32.It seems that +从句　看起来好像……　如：

　　It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。

　　33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事

　　help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事

　　She helped me with English.　她帮助我学英语。

　　She helped me (to) study English。　她帮助我学习英语。

　　34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词　15岁的

　　fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人

　　fifteen years old 指年龄　15岁　如：

　　a fifteen-year-old boy　一个15岁的男孩

　　Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。

　　I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。

　　35.支付不起… 　can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.

　　can’t / couldn’t afford sth.

　　如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.

　　I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。

　　36. as + 形容词./副词+as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力　如：

　　Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。

　　37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦

　　38. in the end 最后

　　39. make a decision 下决定　下决心

　　40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶　如：

　　to their surprise　令他们惊讶　to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶

　　41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪　如：

　　His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪

　　42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心　如：

　　You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。

　　43. be able to do sth. 能做某事　如：

　　She is able to do it. 她能够做到。

　　44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事　如：

　　My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。

　　复合句与简单句的转化：

　　① when ------ at the age of …

　　② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …

　　③ so that…------ in order to do sth.

　　④ because…----- because of…

　　⑤ if ….----- without / with…

　　⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句

　　⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式

　　⑧ be afraid

　　be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式

　　be sorry

　　⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.

　　⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.