1)   speak / say / talk / tell

　　speak   作及物动词，后加表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言

　　say         常跟直接引语或者间接引语，并且表示说的内容

　　talk         是不及物动词，常跟介词to 和with，表示同某人说话，也表示具有说话能力                       

　　tell              告诉，常与story连用，意为“讲故事”

　　Ican speak not only English, but also Chinese.

　　It’sbad for little girls to tell lies.

　　Whatdid the president say yesterday?

　　I’mhungry and I don’t want to talk with you.

　　2)   spend / cost / take / pay

　　spend    花费时间和金钱，后接on sth.或者（in）doing sth

　　Mymother always spends much money buying fashionable clothes.

　　cost      物作主语，意为值多少钱

　　Thatbeautiful dress cost me about 1,000 yuan.

　　take      固定句型：It takes 时间 / 金钱 to do sth

　　Ittook me about two hours to finish my English homework the day before yesterday.

　　pay    与介词 for连用

　　Ineedn’t pay so much for the bill.