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2019年中考英语知识点梳理:主谓一致讲解

2018-09-17 10:03:54BUTI_SUN

    【考点直击】

    1. 语法一致的原则

    2. 意义一致的原则

    3. 邻近一致的原则

    【名师点睛】

    谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓

    一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

    1. 语法一致的原则

    (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

    He goes to school early every morning.

    The children are playing outside.

    To work hard is necessary for a student.

    (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

    Both he and I are right.

    Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

    但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

    His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

    The poet and writer has come.

    (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

    In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

    Each man and each woman is asked to help.

    (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:

    The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

    Nobody but two boys was late for class.

    Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

    (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

    A lot of people are dancing outside.

    The police are looking for lost boy.

    (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:

    Is everybody ready?

    Somebody is using the phone.

    (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

    Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

    Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

    如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

    Here are some new pairs of shoes.

    My new pair of socks is on the bed.

    2. 意义一致的原则

    (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

    Twenty years is not a long time.

    Ten dollars is too dear.

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