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2019年中考英语知识点梳理:冠词和数词的讲解

2018-09-17 10:03:54BUTI_SUN

     【考点直击】

    1.不定冠词a与an的用法

    2.定冠词the的用法

    3."零"冠词

    4.基数词的用法

    5.序数词的用法

    【名师点睛】

    一. 冠词的用法

    冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。

    A(an)叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。

    1. 不定冠词的用法

    (1) a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:

    John is a student.

    Mary is an English teacher.

    (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:

    A steel worker makes steel.

    Pass me an apple, please.

    (3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如:

    A student wants to see you.

    A girl is waiting for you outside.

    (4) 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如:

    Take the medicine three times a day.

    They go to see their parents once a week.

    2. 定冠词用法

    (1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:

    The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

    Beijing is the capital of China.

    (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:

    Open the door, please.

    Jack is in the library.

    (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如:

    Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.

    (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:

    The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

    (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:

    Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

    January is the first month of the year.

    (6) 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:

    The nurse is kind to the sick.

    We should take good care of the old.

    (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:

    the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

    (8) 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如:

    the Browns, the whites等。

    3. 不用冠词的情况

    (1) 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:

    China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

    (2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时,不用冠词。例如:

    That is my cap.

    I have some questions.

    Go down this street.

    (3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。

    They are workers.

    We are students.

    (4) 称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如:

    I don’t feel well today, Mother.

    Bush was made president of the U.S.

    (5) 三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如:

    I have lunch at home.

    He often plays football after class.

    We have English and maths every day.

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