中考英语初三(下)知识点总结与练习(2)
【名师讲解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独使用时表示"思考", 接that 宾语从句时意为"认为","觉得"。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定think ,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是"考虑……"。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示"认为", 一般用于疑问句中,与what 连用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容词都表示"大",但侧重点及程度不同。
(1) big指具体事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在普通场合, 也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了",还可表示"伟大","重要"之意。如:
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如:
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着伟大性,重要性, 优越性;常用于抽象
或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时,常带有"伟大","大得令人吃惊"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示"花钱",花费,付出(只能用于钱、精力、生命等;主语必须是物。)
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend,在主动语句中主语是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主语是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高",而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。
(1) expensive昂贵的,花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高,货贵"时,其主语不能是价格,必须是货物、物品本身。如:
This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
注意:cheap表示"价廉","便宜的",其主语也不能是价格,必须是物品本身。如:
The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示价格时,含义是"高",low在表示价格时,含义是"低",这两个词不能用于物品本身,只
能用在价格上。如:
The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照:
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改为:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改为:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别:
(1)lonely用作形容词,意思是"孤单的;寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是"单独;独自",不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作"不久以后"讲,切不要按字面译为"长时间以前"或"好久以前"。如:
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。
(2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久",故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long
不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上下文明确时,名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我们昨天开始做实验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是连词,意思是"当……的时候,一面……一面",(强调同时,一般连续时间不长),如:
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时,教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
(2)When和as一样都是连词,注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"(一般表示动作紧接着发生);
"那时"(等立连词,前有逗号分开)
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山,那时天开始下雨了。
(3)while是"当……时候;和……同时"(强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长)
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是动词,意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。"如:
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是"赢得某个项目",后面常接"match, game"。如:
He won a game. 他胜一局。
We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
(3)hit意思是"击中"(有时可表示"打一下")。如:
The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气,打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持续某种状态"。如:
The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事",不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类
词连用。如:
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化;turn强调色彩的变化;而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如:
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越来越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出问题,脸红了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师?十年前。
11. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英语中,see,look,watch,notice都有"看"的意思,要注意他们的区别。
see意为"看到",表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调"看到"的结果。
look意为"看",表示有意识地观看,强调"看"的动作。
watch意为"观看,注视",指以较大的注意力观看。
notice意为"看到,注意到",指有意识的注意,含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如:
What can you see in the picture?在图画中你能看到什么?
Look! How happily they are playing!看!他们玩得多高兴啊!
He's watched TV for over two hours.他看了两个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有个钱包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物动词,意思是"射中,射死",宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组,意为"向……射击",至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如:
The man shot five birds in the forest.那个人在森林里射死(中)了五只鸟。
The hunter shot at the bear.猎人朝熊射击了。
They shot at the she-wolf, but didn't shoot her.他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中/死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作"逃跑"、"逃脱"或"逃避"讲时,往往会有成功之意。如:
The old man escaped death.那个老人死里逃生。
The thief escaped from prison.那个小偷越狱了。
(2)run away作"逃跑"、"跑走"讲时,往往强调动作。如:
Don't let him run away. 别让他跑了。
口语中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了,以便 。引导一个目的状语从句,从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如:
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句。
如:The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.