中考英语初二(中)知识点总结与练习(2)
【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示"在……之上",但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above指在某物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。试比较:
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是"忘记做某事",实际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是"忘记做过某事",实际上已经做过了。试比较:
I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。
类似的词还有:remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish
hope和wish 在汉语中都有"希望"的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:
(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如:
I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you'll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。
I wish the weather wasn't so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。
(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构,而hope不可以。例如:
Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来?
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是"务必",也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思是"一定","肯定"。例如:
Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。
It's a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。
(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示"某人对某事有把握"。例如:
I'm sure of his success.我相信他会成功。
I think it was three years ago, but I'm not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear意思是"听到",从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如:
I've heard from Xiao Wu that we'll start out military training tomorrow.
我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。
Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.
听录音,并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。
hear from还有一个意思是"收到某人的来信"(=receive a letter from sb.)。例如:
I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.
上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。
hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是"听说","得知"(某事或某人的存在),常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如:
Who is he? I've never heard of him.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。
I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6. It's a pleasure./With pleasure.
It's a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是"那是我乐意做的"。例如:
---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。
---It's a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。
---It's a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。
类似的话还有 "Not at all." "You are welcome." "That's all right."
With pleasure也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如:
---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?
请你把报纸递给我好吗?
---With pleasure.
当然可以。
7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作"看起来"讲,但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如:
He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。
It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look:
1)后跟不定式to do时。如:
He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...结构中。如:
It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示"已作好…的准备",强调状态
(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示"为…做准备",强调行为。如:
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
(3)be ready to do 通常可理解"乐于做某事",即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示
"不轻易做某事"。如:
He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the table
at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁边。例如:
The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词,后直接加名词,get和arrive是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to去掉;arrive at +小地方,arrive in+大地方。如:
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。
When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的?
It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。
11. sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当"生病的,患病"之意时,ill只作表语,不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐,恶心"的意思,只能作表语,而ill无此意。如:
Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。
He's a sick man. (作定语)他是病人。不能说成:He's an ill man.
My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表语)我祖父去年病了一个
月。
12. in time/on time
in time是"及时"的意思,on time是"准时,按时"。如:
I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。
We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。
13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分,意思是"也许是","可能是";第二句中的maybe是副词,意思是"可能",常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词perhaps。再如:
Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说You maybe put it
in that bag.)
It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.)
14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:
Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗!
I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声
音。
He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。
We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快,但是光传得更快。