（1）根据上下文猜测词意。

　　（2）根据构词法猜测词意。

　　前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。

　　后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。

　　后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。

　　4

　　用知识和生活经验理解短文

　　如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.

　　还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题， Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!” 据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。

　　5

　　条分缕析理解长句

　　长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。

　　如，Parents whose children show a special interest in a particularsport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.

　　先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a decision.

　　再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。

　　经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。