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中考英语复习九:定语从句的考点讲解和训练

2011-04-19 17:20:09佚名

  【考点扫描】

  中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:

  1.定语从句的功用和结构

  2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

  3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

  考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

  【名师精讲】

  一.定语从句的功用和结构

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

  Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

  Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

  IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

  ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

  二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

  关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

  1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

  Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

  ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

  2.作宾语:

  SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

  Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.

  3.作定语

  关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

  What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

  Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

  4.作状语

  I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

  ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

  三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

  1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

  Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

  Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

  2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

  Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?

  MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

  3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

  Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

  Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

  4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

  Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

  Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

  5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

  I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

  Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

  6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

  I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

  HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

  7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

  Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

  Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

  四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
  Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

  whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

  五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

  1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:

  (1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:

  Allthathesaidistrue.

  (2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:

  Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

  (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

  Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

  (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

  Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

  (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

  Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

  2.只能用which,不用that的情况:

  (1)在非限制性定语从中。例如:

  Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

  (2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

  Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
  isaway.

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