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1
●语态的分类●
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)。
例如：Many people speak English nowadays.
(speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people nowadays.
(主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者)
2
●各种时态的被动语态结构●
1.一般现在时：主语 +am/is/ are+动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
2.一般过去时：主语 +was/were+动词的过去分词
The clothes were washed two hours ago.
3.一般将来时：主语 +will/ shall be+ 动词的过去分词
The meeting will be held in three hours.
4.现在进行时：主语 +am/is/ are being+ 动词的过去分词
The piano is being repaired by one of my father’s friends.
5.过去进行时：主语 +was / were being+ 动词的过去分词
The problem was being discussed when I came in.
The movie has been watched three times.
7.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
Before the police arrive, no one could be allowed to leave.
3
●被动语态的用法●
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁。
例如：The glass was broken just now.
2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：Your homework must be finished on time.
4
●主动语态变被动语态的方法●
Step1: 把主动语态句子的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语
Step2: 把主动语态句子的谓语变为 be+ 动词过去分词的结构 (此处 be 有时态和单复数的变化)
Step3: 主语变为 by+sb.结构, sb.用宾格 (by sb.可省略)
5
●不用被动语态的情况●
1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
例如：The sun rises from the east.
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。
如 begin, start, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。
例如：The TV program begins at 8 o’clock.
3.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不用于被动语态。
例如：We should help each other.
4. 一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有 fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, lack, own 等。
例如：He has a big house.
5.一些短语动词不能用于被动语态，如 break out, take place, come true, belong to, consist of, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in 等。
例如：The old woman is suffering from a serious illness these days.
6.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式。
例如：I have something interesting to say.
7.一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时，不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind 等。
例如：The problem is easy to solve.
6
●被动形式表示主动意义●
短语 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 等虽是被动形式，但表示主动含义。
例如：He is prepared for an important test.
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1
●语态的分类●
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）。
例如：Many people speak English nowadays.
(speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people nowadays.
(主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者)
2
●各种时态的被动语态结构●
1.一般现在时：主语 +am／is／ are＋动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
2.一般过去时：主语 +was／were＋动词的过去分词
The clothes were washed two hours ago.
3.一般将来时：主语 +will／ shall be＋ 动词的过去分词
The meeting will be held in three hours.
4.现在进行时：主语 +am／is／ are being＋ 动词的过去分词
The piano is being repaired by one of my father’s friends.
5.过去进行时：主语 +was / were being＋ 动词的过去分词
The problem was being discussed when I came in.
The movie has been watched three times.
7.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
Before the police arrive, no one could be allowed to leave.
3
●被动语态的用法●
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁。
例如：The glass was broken just now.
2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：Your homework must be finished on time.
4
●主动语态变被动语态的方法●
Step1: 把主动语态句子的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语
Step2: 把主动语态句子的谓语变为 be+ 动词过去分词的结构 (此处 be 有时态和单复数的变化)
Step3: 主语变为 by+sb.结构, sb.用宾格 (by sb.可省略)
5
●不用被动语态的情况●
1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
例如：The sun rises from the east.
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。
如 begin, start, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。
例如：The TV program begins at 8 o’clock.
3.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不用于被动语态。
例如：We should help each other.
4. 一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有 fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, lack, own 等。
例如：He has a big house.
5.一些短语动词不能用于被动语态，如 break out, take place, come true, belong to, consist of, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in 等。
例如：The old woman is suffering from a serious illness these days.
6.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式。
例如：I have something interesting to say.
7.一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时，不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind 等。
例如：The problem is easy to solve.
6
●被动形式表示主动意义●
短语 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 等虽是被动形式，但表示主动含义。
例如：He is prepared for an important test.
1
●语态的分类●
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）。
例如：Many people speak English nowadays.
(speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people nowadays.
(主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者)
2
●各种时态的被动语态结构●
1.一般现在时：主语 +am／is／ are＋动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
2.一般过去时：主语 +was／were＋动词的过去分词
The clothes were washed two hours ago.
3.一般将来时：主语 +will／ shall be＋ 动词的过去分词
The meeting will be held in three hours.
4.现在进行时：主语 +am／is／ are being＋ 动词的过去分词
The piano is being repaired by one of my father’s friends.
5.过去进行时：主语 +was / were being＋ 动词的过去分词
The problem was being discussed when I came in.
The movie has been watched three times.
7.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
Before the police arrive, no one could be allowed to leave.
3
●被动语态的用法●
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁。
例如：The glass was broken just now.
2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：Your homework must be finished on time.
4
●主动语态变被动语态的方法●
Step1: 把主动语态句子的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语
Step2: 把主动语态句子的谓语变为 be+ 动词过去分词的结构 (此处 be 有时态和单复数的变化)
Step3: 主语变为 by+sb.结构, sb.用宾格 (by sb.可省略)
5
●不用被动语态的情况●
1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
例如：The sun rises from the east.
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。
如 begin, start, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。
例如：The TV program begins at 8 o’clock.
3.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不用于被动语态。
例如：We should help each other.
4. 一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有 fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, lack, own 等。
例如：He has a big house.
5.一些短语动词不能用于被动语态，如 break out, take place, come true, belong to, consist of, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in 等。
例如：The old woman is suffering from a serious illness these days.
6.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式。
例如：I have something interesting to say.
7.一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时，不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind 等。
例如：The problem is easy to solve.
6
●被动形式表示主动意义●
短语 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 等虽是被动形式，但表示主动含义。
例如：He is prepared for an important test.
