2024年初中英语主要时态系列：过去进行时
过去现在进行时
定义
过去进行时(Past continuous tense或Past Progressive tense)，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
在英语时态中，“时“指 动作 发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和 状态 。
结构
was/were+v-ing形式
当主语为单数时，助动词用was，其余情况下都用were.(v-ing形式为“动词的ing形式”的简写形式。)
标志词
与过去进行时常搭配的时间状语：at the time“在那时”/at this time yesterday“在昨天这个时候”/at 9:00 yesterday morning“在昨天早上的9点钟时”等等。
I was doing my homework at that time.
那时我正在家做我的家庭作业。
(I属于第一人称单数形式，所以be动词选择was，was为is的一般过去时。Was+doing构成过去进行时的结构。do one's homework为固定搭配“做某人的家庭作业”。at that time)为固定的过去的时间状语“在那时”，常与过去时态的句子连用。)
基本句式
1.肯定句：主语+was/were+v-ing形式+其他成分。
We were playing the piano at eight last night.
昨晚8点钟我们正在弹钢琴。
(we为复数的第一人称，所以be动词要用复数的are，were为are的一般过去时态。Were+playing构成句子的过去进行时，句子中具体的过去时间状语是at eight last night“昨晚8点钟”，提醒大家，此句子的谓语动词要用过去时态。冉老师还要提醒大家，play the piano”弹钢琴”与play basketball”打篮球”。乐器有the，运动类无the.)
2. 否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+v-ing形式+其他成分。
We weren't playing the piano at eight last night.
昨晚八点我们没有在弹钢琴。
(weren't=were+not,是两个单词的缩略形式。过去进行时的否定形式和大部分否定一样，把not放在动词之后，此句的动词是be动词，所以not的位置就在be动词之后。)
3. 一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+v-ing形式+其他成分?
Were you playing the piano at eight last night?
你们昨晚8点钟在弹钢琴吗?
(类似于含有be动词的一般疑问句一样，首先要把be动词提前，然后按照原句，变换句中的人称代词。此句子中，在陈述句中的we“我们”，疑问句中就要变成you“你们”，注意，句末的句号也要变成问号。)
一般疑问句的回答
肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答：No,主语+was't/weren't.
Were you playing the piano at eight last night?
肯定回答-Yes, we were.
是的，我们在弹钢琴。
否定回答-No,we weren't.
不，我们没有在弹钢琴。
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+v-ing形式+其它?
—What was he doing at this time yesterday?
—He was reading books.
用法
一、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
误：I was knowing the answer.
正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误：I wasn't understanding him.
正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
典型例题：
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
when与while的区别
when后即可以加时间点，又可以加时间段，while 只能加时间段。
when引导的句子即可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂动词，while 后只能加延续性动词。
when 引导的句子即可以是一般时态，也可以是进行时态，while 后通常加进行时态。
主从句都是延续性动词，都用过去进行时的时候，多用while 引导状语从句。即“…be doing sth. while …be doing sth.”
Lily was singing while Lucy was dancing.
反而时间状语从句
结构为“be doing sth. when …”译为“正在做某事时突然…”,此句型不再强调主句，反而强调了时间状语从句所表达的意思，因而叫做反而时间状语从句。
I was taking a walk in the park when it began to rain.
我正在散步的时候突然下雨了。
while 还可表示“然而”，起转折作用。
I like pop music while my brother likes folk music.
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
一、 时间状语不同
一般过去时的时间状语主要有：yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening), last night (week, month, year), ago, the day before yesterday, in 2003, just now, long long ago, one day等;
过去进行时的时间状语有：at this / that time yesterday, the whole evening, all day yesterday等。
试比较：
He introduced Tom to us just now.
刚才他向我们介绍了汤姆。
She was doing some washing all day yesterday.
昨天她洗了一整天的衣服。
二、 强调动作的角度不同
一般过去时强调动作的发生或状态的存在;而过去进行时强调动作正在进行的延续性。
试比较：
I got up at five the day before yesterday.
前天我是五点起床的。
He was painting the lab the whole day yesterday.
昨天他一整天都在粉刷实验室。
三、 动词的特点不同
1. 行为动词在这两种时态中均可使用。
例如：
We planted trees two days ago.
两天前我们植树了。
We were planting trees this time last Friday.
上周五这时候我们在植树。
2. 有些动词只用于一般过去时，而不能用于过去进行时。
例如：
1) 表示感观的动词：feel, hear, know, see, smell, taste等。
2) 表示状态、感情的动词：be, dislike, have, hate, love, like, want, wish等。
3) 表示心理活动的动词：forget, realize, recognize, remember, understand等。
4) 表示所属关系的动词：own, belong 等。
3. 一般过去时的谓语动词既可是延续性的也可是终止性的;过去进行时的谓语动词只能是延续性的。
例如：
Li Jian joined the army in 1998.
李健于1998年参军。( join为终止性动词)
She was cooking at that time. 那时她在做饭。
(cook为延续性动词)
四、 情感不同
一般过去时是对过去事实的客观描述，语气比较客观、肯定;过去进行时有时也可表示埋怨、厌烦等情绪，带有描绘性和感情色彩。
试比较：
The plane took off late this morning.
这架飞机今天早上起飞晚了。(说明客观事实)
The plane was always taking off late.
这架飞机总是起飞晚。(带有埋怨情绪，指责某事的发生)
不用进行时的动词(现在进行时和过去进行时)
1. 表心理状态、情感的动词
如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。
I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
2. 表存在、状态的动词
如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等。
3. 表感官的动词
如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等。
4. 表非延续性的动词
如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。
过去进行时的句子20个汇总
When/While we were having supper,the light went out.
我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了.
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我.
While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报.
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭
Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.
汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床.
John was always coming to school late.
约翰上学总是迟到.
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.
雷锋总是为人民做好事.
I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉.
She was coming later.她随后就来.
My parents were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
昨晚八点钟时我的父母亲都在看电视.
They were swimming in the swimming pool this time last week.
上个星期的这个时候他们正在游泳池游泳.
the teacher came in,I was singing.
老师进来时我正在唱歌.
When someone knocked at the door,we were having supper.
有人敲门时,我们正在吃晚饭.
He was always ringing me up.
他老是给我打电话.
What were you doing at ten yesterday ?
昨天10点你在干什么?
What were you doing at 8:00 last night
昨晚8：00你在做什么?
I was watching TV.
我在看电视.
What were you doing at nine last night?
昨晚九点时,你在做什么?
I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.
昨天下午我打电话给你,但是没有人接电话.
I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.
我昨天下午大部分时间,都在一个朋友家里.
It was raining hard when I left my office.
当我离开办公室时,雨下得正大.
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