2024年初中语法之——过去进行时
过去将来时
定义：
一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
She was fifty-eight then. In two years，she would be sixty.
她那时已经58岁岁了，在过两年，她就60了。
第二句中的“两年后”并未没有到来，但整件事情又是描述的过去的事情，所以要用过去将来时。
构成：
同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。
如下：
肯定句：
主语+be(was，were)going to+动词原形+其他
否定句：
主语+be(was，were)not going to+动词原形+其他
疑问句：
Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
肯定句：
主语+would(should)+动词原形+其他
否定句：
主语+would(should)not+动词原形 +其他
疑问句：
Would(Should)+主语+动词原形+其他
过去将来时常用时间状语：
at eight the next night
第二天早上6点,
the next day
第二天下午2点,
the next Friday
第二天,
the next week
下个星期五,
the next month
在下个月,
the next year
第二年,
the following day
第二天,
the following week
几个星期之后，
the following month
接下来几个月,
the following year
接下来的一年,
two days later
两天后,
three weeks later
三周后,
four years later
四年后,
after 10 o'clock
经过10点钟以后,
after 10 o'clock in the morning,
after 9 o'clock
上午10点,在9点钟
用法：
1.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或者存在的状态，常常用于间接引语，也就是宾语从句中。
He said he would be there at 8 o’clock, and she thought he would keep her word.
他说他会在8点到那，她认为他会守信用的。
与过去将来时搭配使用的时间状语有a week later一周后, the next month下个月, the following day 第二天等等。
2.一些表示位置转移的词如go，come，leave，arrive等，可用过去进行时来表示在过去某时看将要发生的动作或打算要做的事。
He said he was leaving for Beijing that afternoon.
他说他那天下午就要前往北京。
I didn't know when they were coming again.
我不知道他们什么时候再来。
3.过去将来时经常用于表示过去的习惯性动作。这时，不分人称，都用would。
Whatever he did, he would use his left hand.
他无论做什么，总是用左手。
She would practise playing the piano whenever she was free.
那时，她一有时间，便去练习弹钢琴。
4.“was/were going to do”、“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作) 、“was/were to do”也相当于过去将来时。
When I arrive at the airport, the plane was just going to take off.
当我到达机场时，飞机刚好要起飞。
The attendant said that the train was about to leave.
那个列车员说火车马上就要离开了。
初中阶段，对过去将来时的要求不是很高，但是也不要疏忽，同学们只需掌握这篇文章所讲的内容就可以了!
对于过去将来时的考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去将来时，以及如何正确使用。
今天我们就来讲讲英语中的过去将来时的学习和总结。
常见句型：
1、宾语从句中
当主句动词采用一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句中的谓语动词如果原本该用一般将来时的，但要改为过去将来时。这种用法主要出现在间接引语中。
I asked the man opposite if he would open the door.
我问对面的人他愿意不愿意开门。
I always said he would wind up in jail.
我常说他到头来非进监狱不可。
2、虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟条件句中，其主句动词往往要采用would do的用法。
If he were you, he would reconsider my proposal.
他要是你，他会重新考虑我的建议。
He would pass out if he took one more drink.
要是他再喝一杯酒的话，他就会醉倒了。
3、as if/though引导的虚拟语气句型中
as if/though表示好像，其引导的从句谓语动词要采用虚拟语气，所以有的句子就要采用would do的用法。
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
He felt as though he would faint out.
他感觉彷佛要昏过去了。
4、would rather句型中
would rather do表示宁愿做什么。
We would rather die than surrender.
我们宁死而不投降。
I would rather die than live in disgrace.
我宁可死，也不愿忍辱偷生。
5、would like to句型中
would like to do表示想要做什么。
I would like to have a word with you.
我想同你说句话。)
Many people would like to take holidays abroad.
许多人愿意到国外度假。
典型错例分析：
1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。
误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。
2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。
误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。
误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析：过去将来时可以由'助动词should/would+动词原形'构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。
5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。
误：Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train.
正：Last time I saw you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.
析：last time是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。
编辑推荐：
