2024年中考英语专项复习专题：宾语从句
宾语从句为中考的必考点，主要在单项选择题中考查，侧重考查其引导词、语序、时态的应用。一般至少会涉及两个考查点。
①引导词相同，语序和时态不同;
②时态一致，语序和引导词不同。而且通常都会在一些固定的句型中涉及，如I wonder，Would/Could you please tell me.，Can you tell me，Do you know， I don’t know等等。
考生在做此类试题时，首先从语序着手，宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序，
即：主语+谓语+宾语+其他;再从时态考虑，一般情况下，宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致，但是，如果有明显的时间状语，要以时间状语来判断时态;最后，再根据答语来判断疑问词。
1宾语从句概述
置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。
时
态
主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He says that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
他说明天他将动身去纽约。
主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
He asked me if I had taken his soap.
他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。
当从句内容为客观事实或真理时,从句要用一般现在时
He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理)
他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
语
序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序
What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know?
→Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?
你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?
引
导
词
(1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时,用that引导
“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.
→The teacher told us(that)she was a good girl.
老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
(2)当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来时,宾语从句用whether或if连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主句
“Are you from Japan?”he asked me.
=He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.
他问我是不是来自日本。
“Do you like watching TV?”he asked me.
=He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
他问我是否喜欢看电视。
(3)当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时,连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词,但从句一定要注意用陈述句语序
When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me?
=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?
你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?
2注意点
(1)否定转移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。
(2)宾语从句的简化
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。
③当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Will you please show me how I can work it out?=Will you please show me how to work it out?请你告诉我怎样把它解出来好吗?
④宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。
I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信汤姆的话。
3宾语从句解题技巧
1.牢记宾语从句考点的记忆口诀:
宾语从句需注意,几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态应变相应过; 从句若为真理时,永用一般现在时。
三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
2.用好排除法
从时态、语序、引导词三个方面综合考虑,逐个排查选项。
练一练
1.—Could you tell me ?
—You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.
A.when I should pay for the course
B.what the best part of the course is
C.how long the shortest course lasts
D.where I can go sightseeing after class
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我这个课程最好的方面是什么吗?——你将会和一个英国家庭待在一起,参与他们的日常生活。本题考查宾语从句。由答句“You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.”可知,题干中第一句问的是“什么”,故答案选择B。
2.—Did you notice in her office?
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing
B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what does Miss Lin do
D.what Miss Lin does
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你有没有注意到林老师在她的办公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批阅我们的作文。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A和C;根据答语可知应用过去进行时,因此选B。
3.—Dear friends, do you still remember three years ago?
—To realize our dreams!
A.why you came here
B.why did you come here
C.how you came here
D.how did you come here
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们还记得三年前为什么来这里吗?——为了实现我们的梦想!本题考查宾语从句。答语是表示目的的动词不定式短语,故此处应该用why,且宾语从句中应该用陈述句语序,故选A。
4.—I wonder .
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A.when you often meet your friends
B.how you make your friends happy
C.who you want to make friends with
D.where you spend weekends with friends
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——我想知道你想跟谁做朋友。——能让我成为更好的自己的人。本题考查宾语从句。答句中关系代词who引导定语从句,描述了某一类人,所以本题应该是问哪一类人。故选C项。
5.—Could you tell me tomorrow?
—It will be sunny.
A.what will the weather be like
B.what the weather will be like
C.when will the weather be sunny
D.when the weather will be sunny
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我明天天气怎么样吗?——将会是晴天。本题考查宾语从句。时间状语为tomorrow,应该用一般将来时,宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,故选B。
6.—Have you decided the Expo 2019 Beijing?
—This summer holiday.
A.how are you going to
B.how you are going to
C.when are you going to
D.when you are going to
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——你决定什么时候去2019年北京世博会了吗?——今年暑假。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知,对方问的是时间,所以可排除A和B。C选项没有用陈述句语序,也可以被排除,故选D。
7.—Do you know ?
—Yes, we’ll take a bus there.
A.when we will go to the museum tomorrow
B.when will we go to the museum tomorrow
C.how we will go to the museum tomorrow
D.how will we go to the museum tomorrow
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——你知道我们明天怎么去博物馆吗?——知道,我们将坐公交车去那儿。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问的是方式,因此可排除A、B选项。再根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序可知此题应选C。
8.—Alice, could you tell me London?
—Sure. Last Sunday.
A.when Mr. Smith left
B.when Mr. Smith will leave
C.when did Mr. Smith leave
D.when will Mr. Smith leave
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。
9.—Please tell me .
—At ten o’clock.
A.where you have your English lesson
B.where do you have your English lesson
C.what time you have your English lesson
D.what time do you have your English lesson
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——请告诉我你几点有英语课。——在十点。此题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问的是时间,故将A、B排除。再根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序,将D排除。故选C。
10.—Excuse me! Do you know ?
—It’s two kilometers away from here.
A.where is the supermarket
B.when does the supermarket open
C.where the supermarket is
D.when the supermarket opens
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——打扰一下!你知道超市在哪里吗?——它离这里有两千米远。本题考查宾语从句。根据回答two kilometers away可知选where;动词know后面接的是宾语从句,故要用陈述句语序,即把is放在supermarket后面。故选C。
11.—Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh, I want to know at the party.
A.who do you meet
B.who you meet
C.who did you meet
D.who you met
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——汤姆,昨天晚上我去那个聚会了。——哦,我想知道在聚会上你遇到了谁。本题考查宾语从句及时态。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序;根据句意可知聚会是昨晚的事,应该用一般过去时。故选D。
12.Could you please tell me ?
A.where are you from
B.how can I get there
C.what’s the matter with you
D.where does he live
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:请你告诉我你怎么了好吗? 本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应为陈述句语序,A、B、D项为疑问句语序,故排除。What’s the matter with you 为陈述句语序,故选C项。
13.—I really want to watch Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). Could you tell me ?
—Sure. It’ll be on show at Town Cinema.
A.when will it be on show
B.when it will be on show
C.where will it be on show
D.where it will be on show
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:——我真的想看《红海行动》。你能告诉我它将在哪里上映吗?——当然。它将在城镇电影院上映。本题考查宾语从句。由答语中的at Town Cinema可知,问句应提问地点,应用where引导,故排除A和B项。又因为宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序,由此可知本题选择D。
14.—Judy, could you tell me the schoolbag?
—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A.where did you buy
B.where will you buy
C.where you bought
D.where you will buy
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——朱迪,你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?——哦,好的。我在网上的一家商店里买的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句采用陈述句语序,结合答语使用了一般过去时可知应选C。
15.Mr Jackson hasn’t decided this weekend.
A.where he will have a picnic
B.where will he have a picnic
C.where he had a picnic
D.where did he have a picnic
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:杰克逊先生还没有决定这个周末要去哪里野餐。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序:引导词+主语+谓语+其他,排除B、D项;因为是没决定本周末要做的事,所以用将来时。故选A项。
16.—Excuse me, could you please tell me the Science Museum?
—Sure. Go along the street and turn left. It’s next to Bank of China.
A.when I can get to
B.when can I get to
C.how I can get to
D.how can I get to
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——劳驾,请你告诉我去科学博物馆怎么走好吗?——可以。沿着这条街走然后左转。就在中国银行的旁边。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除B、D两项;根据句意可知应用how引导宾语从句,故选C项。
17.—What did Tom say to you just now,John?
—He asked .
A.why I am so happy today
B.what will I do for the weekend
C.who did I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——约翰,刚才汤姆对你说了什么?——他问我今晚是否可以和他一起去看电影。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序,排除B、C两项;主句的时态是一般过去时态,从句应该使用相应的过去时态,排除A项。故答案为D。
18—Can you tell me ?
—He lives in Shanghai.
A.where Mark lives
B.where does Mark live
C.where Mark lived
D.where did Mark live
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我马克住在哪里吗?——他住在上海。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答语中的lives可知此处应用一般现在时,故答案为A。
19.—Do you know ?
—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.
A.why did they move here
B.why they moved here
C.when did they move here
D.when they moved here
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——你知道他们什么时候搬到这儿来的吗?——让我想想。我记得是在三月十八号。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除A、C两项;答语回答的是时间,应用when引导。故选D。
20.—Are you going camping this afternoon?
—A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure the road to the mountains will be closed.
A.which B.what C.whether D.why
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——今天下午你要去野营吗?——台风要来了。我不确定通往山上的那条路是否将要被关闭。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。从句成分完整,主句为否定形式,应用whether/if,在此处只起连接作用。故选C项。
21.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.
A.how happy was he
B.how happy he was
C.how was he happy
D.how he happy was
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:富兰克林告诉他们所有人他再一次来到英国是多么高兴。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序且形容词应与how紧挨着,故答案为B项。
22.—Mum,can you tell me ?I dreamed of him last night.
—Next week.
A.when my dad comes back
B.where my dad goes
C.when my dad will come back
D.where my dad will go
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——妈妈,你能告诉我爸爸什么时候回来吗?我昨晚梦到他了。——下周。本题考查宾语从句。根据回答(Next week.)可知应用一般将来时且连接词用when,故答案为C项。
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