连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接单词与单词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用,一般不重读。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

一、连词的分类

1

1)简单连词。如：

and和;or或者;but但是;for因为;if如果;since既然;unless如果不;

although尽管

2)关联连词。如：

both…and… ……和……都;not only...but also... 不仅……而且……;

neither…nor…既不……也不……;whether…or… 无论是……还是……

3)分词连词。如：

provided如果;assuming假定;given假如;seeing因为

4)短语连词

as if仿佛;as though仿佛;even if即使;as long as只要;in case以免，万一;now that既然;so that以便，以致

2

(1)并列连词。如：

and和;or或者;but但是;while然而

二、并列连词

并列连词表示单词、短语、从句或句子间有并列关系。分为：表平行或对等关系(并列关系)的连词、表转折关系的连词、表选择关系的连词、表因果推理关系等的连词。

1.表示并列关系(平行或对等关系)的并列连词。如：

and “和”;both…and…“……和……两个都” ;as well as“也”;not only…but also…“不但……而且……”;not…but…“不是……而是……”;neither…nor…“既不……也不……”

e.g. My mother bought me a present, and I like it very much.

我妈妈买了一件礼物给我，我很喜欢。

He can speak not only English but also French.

他会说英语还会说法语。

2.表转折关系的并列连词。如：

but“但是”;yet“然而”;while“而”;however“然而”;whereas“然而”

e.g. Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.

露西喜欢红的，然而莉莉喜欢白的。

3.表选择关系的并列连词。如：

or“或者”;either…or…“要么……要么……”

注：由or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。

Eg：Study hard，or you’ll fail the exam.

=If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.

努力学习，否则你考试会失败的。

Either you or he goes.“要么你去，要么他去”。

4.表因果关系的并列连词。如：so “所以，因此”; for “因为”

e.g. Kate was ill soshe didn’t go to school.

凯特病了所以没去学校。

He may be ill,forhe is absent from the meeting today.

他可能生病了，因为他 今天没来开会。

I have to stay up，for I have lots of homework to do.

我必须熬夜，因为我有很多作业。

【中考考点】

1

1)because(因为),so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。

e.g. Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk here.

=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.

因为他很累，所以走不到这里。

2)although/though(虽然)，but(但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet 用作副词)

e.g. Though he was tired, he still worked hard.

=He was tired, but he still worked hard.

虽然他很累，但是她仍然坚持工作

2

1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用and连接;而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用“or”构成完全否定.

e.g. I can’t singordance.

我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。

Lucyandlily can’t speak Chinese.

露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。

2)在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词那么用“and”而不用“or”

e.g. There is no water and no air on the moon.

月球上没有水也没有空气。

3)在否定句中，without + and;而在肯定句中，without + or,构成完全否定。

e.g. Man can’t live without air and water.

=Man will die without air or water.

3

：由either…or….., neither…nor…,not only…but also…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。

e.g. Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.

不止我父母，连我很也很想见到你。

三、从属连词

从属连词通常引导一个从句，修饰或说明主句。从属连词一般分为引导名词性从句的从属连词和引导状语从句的从属连词。

1.

引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that,if, whether, because, as if等。如：

I don't thinkthatwe should stay another week.

我认为我们不该再待一周。

if

Can you tell mehe can come to my birthday party?

你能告诉我他是否会来参加我的生日派对吗?

Whether he will come is unknown.

没人知道他是否要来。

2.

英语中的状语从句共有九类，这些状语从句各有其引导词，有的引导词可以引导多种类型的状语从句。

1

引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, once等。如：

When

you came in, I was talking with a few boys.

你进来时，我正和几个小男孩谈话。

while

It started to rainwe were playing outdoors.

我们正在室外玩耍时，突然下起了雨。

2

引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever。如：

I live where there are mountains.

我住在多山的地方。

If you could go wherever you want to, where would you go?

如果你可以去你想去的任何地方，你会去哪里?

3

引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as, now that等。如：

because

We have to go to bed nowwe will start off early tomorrow.

因为明天一早就出发，所以我们现在就得睡觉。

As

all the seats were taken, I had to stand.

由于所有的位子都坐满了人，我只好站着。

4

引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as long as等。如：

If you see him, give him this note.

如果你见到他，就把这个便条给他。

as long as

You can use my caryou’re turn it before Friday.

你可以用我的车，只要周五前还回来就行。

5

引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case等。如：

so that

He played the piano very gentlythe baby could not be waken up.

为了不吵醒孩子，他轻轻地弹钢琴。

6

引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, as, even if, even though等。如：

though

He went to schoolhe was very ill.

尽管他病得很重，但他还是去上学了 。

7

引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so...that...,such...that...等。如：

so

My parents are waiting for me,I must be off now.

我父母在等我，所以我现在必须得走了。

8

引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than, as等。如：

as

Some people think that planes now are not as safetrains(are).

有些人认为现在的飞机没有火车安全。

9

引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, as if, as though等。如：

as if

He treated the boyhe were his son.

他对待那个男孩就像自己的儿子一样 。

【专项练习】

( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ___ a cotton one.

A. but B. or C. and D. not

( ) 2 Either Mary ___ Lucy told him to come to see us.

A. or B. and C. with D. nor

( ) 3 Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for the film.

A. and B. but C. so D. or

( ) 4 Be quick, ____ we'll be late.

A. and B. or C. but D. so

( ) 5 We ran to the trees, ___ we couldn't see any more monkeys.

A. but B. so C. and D. for

( ) 6 ___ Li Ping ___ Wu Fang ___ League members.

A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is

C. Both; and; are D.Neither; or; is

( ) 7 You can ____ stay at home ____ go out to play.

A. either; or B. so;that

C. neither; and D.both; and

( ) 8 ____ Wei Hua ___. Ann____ very busy.

A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is

C. Either; or; is D. So;that; are

( ) 9 ___ Monday___ Tuesday is QK, I will be free then.

A. Either; or B. Neither; nor

C. So; that D. Both; and

( ) 10 ___ my brother____ sister are doctors.

A. Not; but B. Neither; nor

C. Both; and D. Either;or

( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students ___ football.

A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play

( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses____ sent to the country.

A. are B. were C. have D. was

( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates____ interested in the new book.

A. are B. were C. is D. have

( ) 14 ___ she ___ I know his telephone number, because it has been changed.

A. Both; and B. Either; or

C. Not only; but also D.Neither; nor

( ) 15 ___ Jack ____ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busywith their lessons.

A. Both; and B. Not only; but also

C. Not; but D.Neither; nor

( ) 16 You may sit___ this end___ that end of the boat.

A. neither; nor B. both; and

C. either; or D.between; and

( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size.

They are ___ too big ____ toosmall.

A. or; or B. either; or

C. neither; or D. both;and

( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could____ read____ write.

A. not; but B. not; and

C. neither; nor D. either; or

( ) 19 We should learn ___from books.___ from workers and farmers.

A. both; and B. either; or

C. neither; nor D. as; as

( ) 20 We went___ to the cinema, ___ to the park.

A. did not; / B. not; but

C. either; or D. both;and

( ) 21 Last week we saw ____ Li Ming ___ Mary.

A. neither; or B. either; nor

C. all; and D.not; but

( ) 22 My mother bought not apples____ two interesting books for me.

A. or B. butC. and D. so

( ) 23 Mr. Zhang felt a little tired, ____ he still went on working.

A. but B. and C. so D. or

( ) 24 Our teacher is very busy, ____ he often help us with our lessons.

A. or B. but C. and D. though

( ) 25 Tom got ill, ___ he still attended the important meeting.

A. so B. because C. but D. nor

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