一 、连词的概念

连词起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。连词主要包括并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词：是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子。

并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,

从属连词：用来引导状语从句。

初中阶段常用的从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless,, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, although, as...as, such...that, in case that。

例如：

We may be leaving today or tomorrow. 我们可能今天或明天走。(连词or连接today与tomorrow)

Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。(连词or连接前后两个句子I shall be late for the partyI must go和I shall be late for the party)

二、连词的种类

连词有两类：

1）从属连词

：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：

2）并列连词：

连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句：

Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。(连接单词)

She’ll be back either this week or next week.

她将在这周或下周回来。(连接短语)

I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。(连接分句)

并列连词有下面几类：

三、从属连词的用法

1. 引导时间状语从句的连词

这类连词主要有：

when:

Don’t get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。

When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身时感到头晕。

while:

We must strike while the iron is hot.

我们要趁热打铁。

While she ate she grew more restless.

她一边吃一边变得更加忐忑不安。

as:

As he spoke two men came up. 在他讲话时两个人走了进来。

He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。

before:

Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

It will be five years before we meet again.

要五年后咱们才能再相见。

after:

I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。

I’ll tell them after you have left. 你走后我在告诉他们。

until, till :

I’ll take no steps until you arrive.

你来之前我不会采取什么行动。

since:

How long is it since you came to London?

你到伦敦有多久了?

It was years since I had seen her.

我有好多年没见到她了。

whenever:

I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.

我每次进城都去看他。

Whenever possible, they play outside.

一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。

2. 引导条件状语从句的连词

1)条件状语从句主要由if, unless,

if:

I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情况如此我就得走了。

He will come if asked. 如果邀请的话他会来的。

unless:

I won’t write unless he writes first.

我不写信，除非他先给我写。

I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.

除非下雨，否则我明天去那里。

2)条件状语从句还有其他形式：

You will always have a home as long as I have anything.

只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。

They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。

此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。

3. 引导目的状语从句的连词

引导目的的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：

in order that:

He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.

他早早动身，以免孩子们单独待在家里。

I lent him ￡50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday.

我借给他50英镑，使他能去渡假。

so that:

Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.

让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。

so:

Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?

难道你不能作某种安排以便能多待些日子?

I’ll give him a map so he won’t get lost.

我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。

4. 引导结果状语从句的连词

1)结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：

so…that:

He was so young that you must excuse him.

他那样年轻，你得原谅他。

He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door.

他胖得连门都过不去了。

such…that:

Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.

吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。

5. 引导原因状语从句的连词

1)引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since:

because:

Because it was wet he took a taxi.

由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。

as:

As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.

由于大卫喜欢走路，我们就步行出发了。

As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.

既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。

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