2024年中学英语专题：连词
连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
常有的并列连词有
并列连词连接的双方是对等的。and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，：but, however, yet, still，while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tomgot up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some
room for improvement.
Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.
还有表示选择关系的并列连词，
如：or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。
从属连词在中学范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，
如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。：when , while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till。
连接条件状语的连词有：
if, unless, as long as 等，because, since, as, now that (既然)。so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。
简单连词
|
并列连词 |
用法 |
例句 |
|
and |
表并列或顺承关系 |
He came into the classroom and put his schoolbag on the desk. |
|
用于“祈使句，and +陈述句”结构 |
Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes. |
|
|
or |
意为“或者”，表示任选其一 |
Do you want to go the zoo or the museum? |
|
意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or +陈述句”结构 |
Please be quick, or we will miss the last bus. |
|
|
so |
表示因果关系 |
It’s raining heavily now, so we have to put off the P.E class. |
|
for |
表示原因，及附带理由 |
I must be off now, for it is getting late. |
|
but |
|
|
并列连词短语
|
连词短语 |
意义用法 |
例句 |
|
neither--nor- |
既不--也不,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” |
Neither he nor his children like fish. |
|
either--or-- |
或者--或者--，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” |
Either you or he is wrong. |
|
both--and-- |
两者都，谓语动词用复数形式 |
Both she and I are good at English. |
|
not only-- but also |
不但--而且-，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” |
Not only you but also he wants to buy the book. |
注意：
neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则;both...and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词
|
从属连词 |
用法 |
例句 |
|
when 当--时候 |
引导的从句中，谓语动词可以是短暂性动词也可以是延续性动词 |
It was raining when he came out of the office. |
|
while 当--时候 |
引导的从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常用进行时 |
Don't make any noise while others are reading in the library. |
|
before 在--之前 |
“在……之前”，从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后 |
She reached the train station before he called her yesterday. |
|
after 在---之后 |
“在……之后”，从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前 |
He turned off the light and went to bed after he cleaned the room. |
|
until
|
常用在“not...until...”结构中，表示“直到……才……” |
Nancy didn't appear until it was ten o'clock last night. |
|
as 一边--一边 |
表示一件事情在发生，另一件事情也在同时发生 |
The students took notes as they listened to the radio in English class. |
|
as soon as 一--就-- |
表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作就随之发生 |
I'll write a letter to you as soon as I get to America. |
|
since 自从 |
从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 |
The girl who can speak English smoothly has lived in London since she was five years old. |
|
once 一旦 |
表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作就随之发生 |
Once they find people in trouble, they are eager to help them without payment. |
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词
|
连词 |
用法 |
例句 |
|
if 如果 |
主句用一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时，即主将从现，但有时用主情从现或主祈从现。 |
1.If he has time tomorrow, he will come to the meeting. 2.None can succeed if he doesn’t work hard. |
|
unless 除非，如果不 |
主句用一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时，即主将从现，但有时用主情从现或主祈从现。。 unless可转化成if--not结构。 |
1.He won’t finish the work unless he works hard. 2.If it doesn’t rain, go for a picnic. |
|
as long as 只要 |
主句用一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时，即主将从现。 |
You can take any book as long as you like. |
3.引导让步状语从句的从属连词
|
连词 |
含义 |
用法 |
|
though |
虽然 |
引导让步状语从句时，这些词不能与but连用。 |
|
although |
尽管 |
|
|
even though(if) |
即使
|
4. 引导原因状语从句
|
连词 |
意义 |
例句 |
|
because |
表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why引导的问句，其从句的位置通常在主句的后面。 |
He has to leave because it is too late. 因为太晚了，他不得不走。 |
|
since |
since语气比as稍强，不表示直接的或根本的原因，而是一种已知的或非常显然的理由，since引导的从句通常位于主句之前。 |
Since everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家到齐了，我们就出发吧！ |
|
as |
as是从属连词，表示原因时，语气最弱，所说的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，它引导的从句一般位于主句之前。 |
We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 |
| for | 是并列连词,表明附加或推断的理由,常用于口语中,意为“因为”。for连接的句子不用于句首,并列句之间可以用逗号分开。 |
Imustbeawayforaweek,forI'llgotoShanghai. 我要离开一个星期,因为我要去上海。 |
5.引导方式状语从句的从属连词
|
连词 |
意义 |
例句 |
|
as |
按照--方式 |
She always does as her father tells her. |
|
as if |
似乎，好像 |
He walked around as if he was looking for something. |
6.引导结果状语从句的从属连词
|
连词 |
意义 |
用法及例句 |
|
so --that |
如此--以至于 |
so后跟形容词副词原形。(so--that--结构常与too--to结构转化）。 She was so tired that she couldn’t go any farther. ThatquestionissodifficultthatIcan'tworkitout. →Thatquestionistoodifficultformetoworkout. 这个问题太难,我算不出来。 |
|
such --that |
such后跟名词或名词性词组。 It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun. |
so...that...可以与以下结构转换：
A. 与too...to...结构的转换
too...to...意为“太……以至于不能……”,与so...that...结构互换时,that从句中必须使用情态动词can't(如果是过去时则用couldn't)。
如:
Hewassocleverthathecouldn'tmakesuchstupidmistakes.
→ Hewastooclevertomakesuchstupidmistakes.
他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。
温馨提示:如果主从句的主语不一致,改为同义句时,要用too...for sb. to...结构。
如:
ThatquestionissodifficultthatIcan'tworkitout.
→Thatquestionistoodifficultformetoworkout.
这个问题太难,我算不出来。
B. 与enoughtodo/notenoughtodo结构的转换
a)与enough to do sth.结构的转换。
enough to do sth.意为“……足够做某事”,与so...that...结构转换时,that从句中必须使用情态动词can。
如:
Youaresohealthythatyoucangetbacktoschool.
→ Youarehealthyenoughtogetbacktoschool.
你身体健康,可以回学校去了。
b)与not...enough to do结构的转换。
not...enough to do意为“没到做某事的……”,与so...that...结构转换时,that从句中必须使用含有否定意义的情态动词。enough前面的形容词是so...that...结构中so后面形容词的反义词。
如:
Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.
→Theboyisnotoldenoughtodresshimself.
这个孩子还没到自己穿衣服的年龄。
Heissoimpatientthathecan'twait.
→ Heisnotpatientenoughtowait.
他没有足够的耐心等待。
7.引导目的状语从句的从属连词
|
连词 |
意义 |
用法 |
|
so that |
以便于，为了 |
They sped up so that they could get there on time. |
|
in order that |
为了 |
02
考点梳理
2、引导状语从句的从属连词
1).引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,as soon as等。
2).引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where,wherever等
3).引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,since,as等。
4).引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if,unless,as long as等。
5).引导目的状语从句的主要连词有in order that/so that。
6).引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,even if/even though。
7).引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so...that,such..that,so(that)...
8).引导比较状语从句的从属连词有than,as。
9).引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as,as if/as though等。
3、重点总结（主谓一致现象）
就近原则
1)：There be句型; Neither...nor...; Either...or...;Not only...but also...。
就前原则
2)：with，along with, together with, as well as, besides,like, without, except(but), including,but, rather than, in addition to, apart from...
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