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(一)英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

如: Many people speak Chinese.

谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

如: Chinese is spoken by many people.

主语English 是动词speak的承受者。

(二)被动语态的构成

“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成"。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现。以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时: am/ is/ are + spoken

一般过去时: was / were+ spoken

一般将来时: will/ shall be+ spoken

现在进行时: am/is/ are being+ spoken

过去进行时: was/were being+ spoken

现在完成时: have/ has been+ spoken

过去完成时: had been + spoken

(三)被动语态的用法，即什么时候使用被动语态

(1)不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

几台新电脑昨晚被盜了。(不知道是谁偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.

这座桥竣工于1981年。(没必要说明执行者是谁)

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

如:Milk was drunk up.牛奶被喝光了。

Homework must be finished on time.

家庭作业必须及时完成。

(3)常见句型:

It is(was) said that… 据说……。

It is(was) reported That... 据报道……。

It is(was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/that..... ) that.....大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为) ....。

It is(was) well known that....众所周知……。

It is(was) taken for granted that... 被视为当然……。

It must be remembered that...务必记住……。

(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(如果是代词，注意宾格变为主格)

(2)谓语动词变成被动结构(be+ 过去分词) (be的形式根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定)。

(3)主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，(如果是代词，主格改为宾格)

如：All the people laughed at him.

→He was laughed at by all the people.

如：They make the bikes in the factory.

→The bikes are made by them in the factory.

如：He cut down a tree.

→ A tree was cut down by him.

(五)情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词+be+过去分词构成，即主动语态的mod. + do 变成mod.+be done.

如：We must finished the task in two days.

→The task must be finished in two days by us.

如：They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情况的被动语态

(1)宾语补足语

1.五看二听一感觉，使役动词有三个，还有一个help，这些动词在主动语态中宾语补足语省去to，在变为被动语态时to要加回。

如：He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday. →The boy was madetowork for two hours by him yesterday.

(2)五看二听一感觉，这些动词加doing宾语补足语的情况(直接带下来)。

如：I heard him singing in the next room.

→He was heard singing in the next room by me.

(3)双宾语

如：Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

=Jack gave a Christmas present to Peter just now.

→(1) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

→(2) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

加双宾语的常用动词pass，hand，show，give等，sb为间接宾语，变为被动语态时，前面加to;sth为直接宾语，变为被动语态时直接加上去。

如果是buy，cook等加双宾语情况，sb为间接宾语，变为被动语态时，前面加for;sth为直接宾语，变为被动语态时直接加上去。

(仔细理解体会直接宾语和间接宾语的含义，双宾语的被动句型可以一步到位)

(4)动词短语(当做一个整体，不可分割)

Theytook good care ofthe old people.

→The old people weretaken good care ofby them.

(5)主动表被动

记住两个常考的主动形式表被动含义的词吧!

need doing 需要被做

be worth doing 值得被做

如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

(七)、被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别

(1)意思不同，被动语态强调的是动作，强调动作是由谁来做的，是怎样被做的;而过去分词作表语通常用来描述人或事或物的特点以及状态。

如：The window is broken.(系表结构)

The window is broken by him.(被动语态)

(2)用法不同，过去分词作表语可用so, very, too等词来修饰，而被动语态用much, very much, too much, so much等词来修饰。

如：He was very interested in science.(系表结构)

I was so much surprised by the scene.(被动语态)

(八)、不用被动语态的情况

(1)不及物动词无被动

不及物动词没有宾语，所以也不可能有被动语态。需注意，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时貌似是“及物”容易出错，如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)，belong, (属于)，disappear(消失)，die(死)等：

如：A fire broke out during the night.

夜间发生了火灾。

如：Flu usually breaks out in winter.

流感通常发生在冬季。

如：A traffic accident happened just now.

刚刚发生了一场车祸。

(2)某些静态动词无被动

静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不能变为被动语态：

如：My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。

如：The hall holds 1000 people. 大厅可容纳1000人。

(3)宾语为相互代词或反身代词无被动

相互代词或反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当用作动词宾语时，句子不可转换成被动语态。

如：We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

(4) 感官系动词无被动

如：Milk tastes strange.牛奶尝起来怪怪的。

(5)表示物体本身特征/性质的动词无被动

常考的动词如下：sell, wash, wear, read, write

如：The coat wears well. 这外套穿起来挺好。

如：The book sells well. 这书卖的不错。

 

如下是一些有关被动语态的练习，来试试吧(你一定可以)

一、选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build　　( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D.

gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done

D. will be done

( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made

( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn

D .draws

( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn　　( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent

D. wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?

--Last year.

A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known

( )14.I ____ in summer.

A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born　　( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent

( )16.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.　　A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

( )21.Older people ____ well.

A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

(温馨提示：选择题选项中有被动时，百分之九十都需要选择被动，个别不是被动的都需要考虑一下是不是被动的特殊情况)

二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days.

The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.

Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song.

An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now.

It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week.

A New Year card ____ ____ ____ Lucy by me last

week.

6. People use metal for making machines.

Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him.

I ____ ____ ____ _____that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.

This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.

An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.　　11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.

Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch.

His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day.

The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things.

Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time.

The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday?

____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses.

The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day.

The classroom ____ ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.

Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.

A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

(温馨提示：主被动的互换，先找出主谓宾，然后按照主被动换主宾语，关键需要考虑谓语动词)

三、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?

It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

11.These kinds of machines ____(make) in Japan.

12. Apples __________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes,cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.

15. The cinema _________ (build) in 1985.

16. The bike ________ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ______ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ___________(can made) by Uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ______ (open) two new school.

20. The PLA ___________ (found) on August 1st,

1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy_____(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang _________(live) here since 1980.

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

(温馨提示：看看动词的宾语是不是提前成主语了，如果是考虑被动)

四、把下列句子改写成被动语态。

1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________.

2.Everybody likes this song. __________________________________.

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________.

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.

_____________________________.

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.

_______________________________.

6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________.

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________.

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________.

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_______________________________.

10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________.

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.

_____________________________________.

12.Cranny told us a story last night. __________________________________.

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.

_______________________________________.

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.

______________________________________.

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________.

16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________.

17.Where did she make them? __________________________________.

18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________.

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.

_________________________________.

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.

__________________________________.

21.You should take good care of her baby.

__________________________________.

22.You may take it back home. __________________________________.

23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________.

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?______________________________________.

25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________.

(温馨提示：主被动的互换，不要被各种不同句式带偏了哦，先完成被动句，然后再考虑句式)

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