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1)被动语态的用法：

① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：

A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)

This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：

Rice is also grown in thisplace.(这个地方也种水稻)

A railroad will be built herein three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)

③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：

It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)

A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)

(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态：

(3)注意点：

①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：

His teacher gave him adictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)

也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：

His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.

(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)

His father made him a kite.

→A kite was made for him by his father.

(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)

②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：

The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.

(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)

③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：

The girl takes good care ofher little brother.

→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.

(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)

④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：

Heis pleased / worried / tired /…….

(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)

He was hit / knocked down/ told / shot / …….

(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)

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