2024年初中英语:语法系列之过去进行时
一、 过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如:
(1)I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time.那时,我正在跟李华谈话。
(2)I was watching TV at home last night.昨晚我一直在看电视。
二、 过去进行时的结构及句型变化
形式“was / were + doing”
如: I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house.我们在打扫房子。
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
三、过去进行时的用法详解
(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语
then,atthat time,this time,yesterday等。
I was doing my homework when my mother came to home.
(2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用
While I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.
(3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up.
四、 使用过去进行时应注意的几点
(1)过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如:
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.他说他今天下午要去北京。
(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:
I was wondering whether you could come to join us.我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动?
(3)过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时,表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:【这点需要重点注意】
He was always thinking of others.他总是想到人家。
五、 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别【友情提示:中考重点】
(1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如: He was writing his composition last night.他昨晚在写作文。
(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night.他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如n, hear, sbe, like, love, hate, fear,owee, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
(3)一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感****彩。如:
He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作。
(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真的,而过去进行时表示比较随意或者没有进行仔细思考的行为,如:
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
注意:
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)
1、表心理状态、情感的动词,如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know等,若用进行时则词意改变。
2、表存在、状态的动词,如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等
3、表感觉的动词,如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.
4、表一时性的动词,如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit
,promise等。
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