2024年初中英语时态精讲之过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的
行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
2) 用法
a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表
示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案 D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生
在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when 表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"
这一背景下，when 所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
其他关于动词时态的知识点
.1 用一般过去时代替完成时
1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用 then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
2 一般现在时代替将来时
时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless,
even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。
典型例题
(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.
答案 B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有 He said，故为过去式。
主句用将来时，故选 B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。
The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天 10 点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
3 一般现在时代替过去时
1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。
The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2) 叙述往事，使其生动。
Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.
4 一般现在时代替完成时
1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
5 一般现在时代替进行时
1) 句型：Here comes… ; There goes…
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
6 现在进行时代替将来时
1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。
Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?
We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。
2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin 及 die。
He is dying.
7 时态一致
1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。
At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
He told me last week that he is eighteen.
2) 宾语从句中的助动词 ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。
He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
8 时态与时间状语
时间状语
一般现在时 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in+时间,
现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always,
recently
过去完成时 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last
evening… when, while
将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days,
tomorrow evening
动词时态巩固练习 50 题
( )1. There _______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )2. --- Who sings best in your class? --- Jenny _______.
A. do B. did C. does D. has done
( )3. --- _____ the young girl _____ the old man clean his room every day? --- Yes, she does.
A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps
( )4. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? --- You can when you _______ a bit older.
A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got
( )5. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?
--- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _______ TV.
A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching
( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves
( )7. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied
( )8. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
( )9. --- Do you like this silk dress? --- Yes, I do. It _______ so soft and comfortable.
A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt
( )10. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.
A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were
( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.
A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write
( )12. --- Your telephone number again? I _______ quite catch it. --- It’s 2567321.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. didn’t
( )13. --- How was your weekend on the farm? --- Great! We _______ with the farmers.
A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends
( )14. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?
--- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives
( )15. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.
A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy
( )16. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight. --- Why? But she _______ me she would come.
A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told
( )17. He turned off the light and then _______.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left
( )18. --- Keep quiet, please. They _______ a meeting. --- Sorry.
A. have B. had C. are having D. have had
( )19. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. --- Really? Where _______ he _______?
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go
( )20. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.
A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be
( )21. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
( )22. --- Shall we go shopping now?
--- Sorry, I can’t. I _______ my shirts.
A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing
( )23. Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you. I _______ for an important phone call. Go without
me.
A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited
( )24. --- Did you see Tom at the party? --- No, he _______ by the time I got there.
A. had left B. was leaving C. left D. has left
( )25. --- Is this raincoat yours? --- No, mine _______ there behind the door.
A. has hung B. is hanging C. hung D. will hang
( )26. --- _______ you _______ TV at the moment? --- No, you can turn it off.
A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched
( )27. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _______ a book at that moment.
A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read
( )28. Mr Smith _______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished
it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
( )29. --- I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
--- Oh, I am sorry. I _______ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. am having B. had C. was having D. have had
( )30. --- Do you know Miss Wang?
--- Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _______ at a radio shop at that time.
A. was working B. has worked C. is working D. had worked
( )31. Mr White _______ the newspaper, while his daughter _______TV.
A. read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. read;
watched
( )32. --- I _______ you at the meeting. Why? --- I was ill.
A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didn’t see
( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _______ about the new film.
A. are talking B. were talking C. talked D. talks
( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _______ on August 13.
A. has begun B. lasted C. began D. has lasted
( )35. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.
A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began
( )36. --- May I speak to Mr Smith? --- Sorry, he _______ Australia. But he _______ in two
days.
A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back
C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesn’t come back
( )37. I can’t go to see the film tonight, because I ______ my ticket.
A. have lost B. lost C. will lose D. was losing
( )38. --- What do you think of the film Harry Potter? --- It is very nice. I _______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
( )39. We _______to learn English five years ago. We _______ it for five years up to now.
A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; had learned D. began;
have learned
( )40. --- What a nice bike! How long _______ you _______ it? --- Just two weeks.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having
( )41. You don’t have to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
( )42. --- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.--- Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few
minutes.
A. have come B. had been C. was D. have been
( )43. --- _______ my dictionary anywhere?--- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.
A. Have you seen B. Do you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see
( )44. --- I haven’t heard from Li Jun for a long time.--- What do you think _______ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
( )45. --- Do you know our town at all?--- No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
( )46. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _______ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left
( )47. --- How long _______ your father _______ the Party? --- For more than twenty years.
A. has; joined B. did; join C. has; been in D. does; join
( )48. Mrs Smith _______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______
home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; would come D. had left; came
( )49. Do you know Betty very well? Yes, she and I _____ friends since we met in Guangzhou
last summer.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )50. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he ____ the Disney World the
next day.
A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit
Key:
1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBCBC 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BDCBC
21-25 BDCAB 26-30 BCDCA 31-35 CDBCA 36-40 BABDC
41-45 BDACB 46-50 BCDCA
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