2024年初中英语重点语法：过去进行时的用法
过去进行时语法详解
定义：
过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
结构：
was/were +doing (现在分词)
用法：
1.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语.副词或从句来表示。如：
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)
3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
过去进行时与一般过去时
都强调过去发生的事，进行时强调过程，不一定完成；过去时强调事件，一定完成。
表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。如：He played when I was studying.
过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作，但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡例如:
I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能没打完)I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信｡(已经打完)
具体区别如下：
1.一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
2.一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3.句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示更为偶然而非预定的动作：I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
这里的过去进行时给人的印象是这一动作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同时还倾向于解除主语对于这一动作所负的责任。句中谁先开口说话既不清楚，也无关紧要。要注意它与一般过去时的差异：
注意：进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。
如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：I talked to Tom several times.我跟汤姆谈过几次话。Tom washed both cars.汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。
当然，看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示：
Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一点到两点之间我在购物和遛狗。
这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如today，last night，in the afternoon连用。这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻，也可以看做是表示某一段时间。如上面例句所示，某一段时间也可以用确切的时间来表示。
如想问起一段时间怎样度过时，用过去进行时态要用比一般过去时显得有礼貌：
What were you doing before you came here?(你来这里之前做什么工作?)要比 What did you do before you came here?听起来有礼貌。
另一方面， What were you doing in my room?(你在我的房间里干什么来着?)可能表示这样一种情感：我认为你没有权利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room?却毫无这种含义。
不用于进行时的动词
感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate……表心理状态：feel,want,prefer……表占有：own,have,……表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be……
when 和while的用法区别
两者的区别如下：
1.when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间;
while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
2.when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
3.由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking, the teacher came in.
专项练习题
一.用动词的适当形式填空。1.I_____(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
2.Mary_____(go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter____(do) the same thing.
3.What_____you___(do) at that time?We_____(watch) TV.
4.Was your father at home yesterday evening?Yes,he was. He_____(listen) to the radio.
5.They_____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
6._____they____(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.
7.______it_____(rain) when you left school? Yes, it____. (No, it____)
8.What_____your father_____(do) when he was your age?
9.One day, Edison_____(wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.
10.He asked me if I______ (go) fishing that afternoon.
11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave) in five minutes.
12.In a letter, john told us that he_____(come) to china next month.
13.When the bell rang, jenny_____(wait) in her seat.
14.She_____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.
15.While my father____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly____ a cry.
二.选择题。1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
A.cooked, were ringingB. was cooking, rangC. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang
2.He said he_____to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
A.triesB.triedC.was tryingD.will try
3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
A.was watching, was hearingB.watched, was hearingC.watched, heard D.was watching, heard
4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
A.were watching B.watch C.watched D.are watching
5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
A.did, read, was seeing B. did, read, sawC.were, reading, saw D.were, reading, was seeing
6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
A.are gettingB.get C.were getting D.got
7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
A.is, thinking, wasB.was, thinking, isC.did, think, isD.was, thinking, was
8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
A.saw, passed B.was seeing, passedC.was seeing, passed D.was seeing, was passing
9.We____for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.
A.were waiting, waitingB.were waiting, waitC.waited, waiting D.waited, wait
10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
A.helps B.would help C.was helpingD.is helping
11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.
A.did, made B.was doing, madeC.was doing, was making D.did, was making
12.“_______ you angry then?”“they ______ too much noise.”
A.are, were makingB.were, were makingC.are, made D.were, made
13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me
A.did, heard B.did, didn’t hearC.was doing, heard D. was doing, didn’t hear
14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV
A.repaired, didn’t watch B.was repairing, watchedC.repaired, watched D.was repairing, wasn’t watching
15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.
A.was gettingB.getsC.is gettingD.will get
参考答案：
一.用动词的适当形式填空。
1.was having 2.was going,were doing 3.were doing,were watching 4.was listening 5.were not making 6.Were having were cleaning 7.was raining 8.did do(do) 9.was waiting 10.was going/would go 11.was leaving 12.is coming /will come 13.was waiting 14.was making 15.was looking ,heard
二.选择题。
BCDAC,CDAAC,CBDDA
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