2024年初中英语学好现在完成时的三个关键点
PART 01
掌握四种用法
现在完成时有两种主要用法,即已完成用法(或影响性用法)和未完成用法(或持续性用法)。具体用法如下:
1.
该用法表示某个动作发生于过去,完成于过去,但这这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如:
He has gone home.他回家去了。(其影响或结果:现在不在这里)
I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(其影响或结果:我知道其内容)
He has finished his homework.他完成作业了。(其影响或结果:可以做其他事情了)
2.
该用法表示某动作发生于过去,但并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如:
He has been blind from birth.他生下来就双目失明。
He has lived here for five years.他已在这儿住了5年。
He has worked in films all his life.他在电影界干了一辈子。
3.
该用法表示在过去反复发生的动作,并且这个反复的动作一直延续至今。如:
My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。
I have always found him difficult.我老是感到他这人很难相处。
4.
该用法主要见于时间或条件状语从句中,用以表示一个将来完成的动作。如:
I’ll tell you when I’ve finished.我完成的时候会告诉你。
If she hasn’t gone to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.如果你见到她时她还睡觉,让她给我打个电话。
PART 02
记住两类搭配
1.
Perhaps the train has already left.也许火车已经开走了。
She has never replied to my letter.她不曾回我的信。
Have you ever been abroad before?你以前出过国吗?
We’ve not been to the cinema recently.我们最近没去看过电影。
Excuse me, a telegram has just arrived.对不起,打断一下,刚收到一份电报。
但是,若不强调动作对现在的影响,这些副词也可用一般过去时。如:
He just came back from abroad.他刚从国外回来。
You didn’t tell us this before.你以前没有告诉过我这件事。
2.
since不管用作介词、连词还是副词,句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如:
Since that time great progress has been made.从那时起已经取得很大的进步。(since为介词)
He hasn’t written to us since he arrived inBritain.自从到达英国以后,他就一直没有写信给我们。(since为连词)
He left school in 1983. I haven’t seen him since.他1983年离开学校,打那时起我一直没见过他。(since为副词)
It’s a long time since I saw Mary.我已经很久没见到玛丽了。
It’s ten years since I bought this house.这房子我已买了10年。
PART 03
避开两类易混点
1.
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:
Mary lived here for five years.玛丽在这里住了五年。(现在仍住这儿)
Mary lived here for five years.玛丽在这里住过五年。(现在不住这儿了)
I have read the book.我读过这本书。(现在还记得书的内容)
I read the book when I was young.我年轻时读过这本书。(不强调是否记得内容)
2. have been to
have been to和have gone to均可后接地点,但前者表示去过某地,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如:
He has been to many places of the country.他去过这个国家的许多地方。
He has gone to the country for the weekend.他去乡下度周末了。
注:have been to有时还可后接动词原形。如:
The doctor has been to see the patient.医生来看过病人了。
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