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2024年初中英语一般过去时,重要考点全解析

2023-08-15 22:30:36佚名

一般过去时的基本结构

1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他

I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。

I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。

2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词

I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。

I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。

3. 一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?

Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗?

Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?

4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的?

When did you buy a yellow dress?你什么时候买了一条黄裙子?

一般过去时的基本用法

1.表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关)。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。

He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。

What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事?

2.在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。

We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。

注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。

He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now.他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。

Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。

3.表示主语过去的特征或性格。

At that time she was very good at English.那时她英语学得很好。

4.一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。

I wondered if you could help me.不知你能不能帮我一下。

5. 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。

I didn’t know you were here.没想到你在这里。

6.【注意】

(1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。

He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.

他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。

(2)注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……”。

——Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it.请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。

——是2566666。

7.【常见考法】

对于一般过去时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用一般过去时,或动词过去式的正确变化,或一般过去时的句型构成。

典型例题:

1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.(改为一般疑问句)

答案:Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning?

解析:这是一道句型转换题,考查到同学们对一般过去时的句型构成的掌握。一般过去时的一般疑问句句型构成为:Did+主语+do+其他?,即句首加 Did,句中过去式还原。

8.【误区提醒】

有些句子,虽然没有表示过去明确时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!

典型例题:

I didn''t know you (be)in Paris.

答案:were

解析:题干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.

动词过去式的变化规则

1. 规则变化

①一般情况下,直接加ed

work—— worked

look——looked

walk——walked

②以e结尾的单词,直接加d

live ——lived

hope——hoped

use——used

③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed

study——studied

carry——carried

④以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed

enjoy ——enjoyed

play——played

⑤以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后的辅音字母+ed

stop—— stopped

plan——planned

prefer——preferred

2. 不规则变化

(1)AAA型(原形→原形→原形)

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
read read read
cut cut cut 切,割
let let let
put put put
cost cost cost 花费,值
hit hit hit 撞,击
set set set 安排,安置
hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛
bet bet bet 赌博,打赌
cast cast cast

(2)ABA型(原形→过去式→原形)

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
become became become 成为
come came come
run ran run
throw threw thrown

(3)ABC型

①. ow →ew →own

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
blow blew blown
draw drew drawn
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道

②. i→a →u

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk
sing sang sung
swim swam swum 游泳
ring rang rung 打电话

③. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
wear wore worn 穿
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
speak spoke spoken
freeze froze frozen
choose chose chosen 选择
drive drove driven 驾驶
mistake mistook mistaken 误解
rise rose risen 上升
shake shook shaken

④. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
eat ate eaten
forbid forbade forbidden 禁止
give gave given
ride rode ridden
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written
fall fell fallen 落下
break broke broken 打破,折断
forgive forgave forgiven 原谅;宽恕

⑤. 无规律

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
am/is was been
are were been
do did done
go went gone
take took taken

(4). ABB型

①. 原形→ought →ought

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought
fight fought fought 打架
think thought thought 思考
seek sought sought 寻求

②. 原形→aught →aught

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
catch caught caught 捉,抓
teach taught taught

③. 变其中一个元音字母

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
feed fed fed
meet met met 遇见
get got got 得到
hold held held 拥有
babysit babysat babysat 临时照看
sit sat sat
win won won
find found found 发现
bend bent bent 使弯曲
dig dug dug
lead led led 引导
sell sold sold

④. 原形→□t→□t

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
feel felt felt 感到
keep kept kept 保持
leave left left 离开
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
smell smelt smelt 闻;发出气味
retell retold retold 复述

⑤. 变其中一个辅音字母

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
build built built 建造
hear heard heard 听见
make made made 制造
mean meant meant 意思
send sent sent 送,寄
spend spent spent 花费
deal dealt dealt 处理
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建
lend lent lent 借贷

⑥.辅音字母和元音字母都变

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
have had had 有,吃
lay laid laid 放置,产卵
lose lost lost 丢失
pay paid paid 付钱
say said said
sell sold sold
tell told told 告诉
stand stood stood
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误解
shoot shot shot 放炮;开枪
understand understood understood 理解

(5). AAB型

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
beat beat beaten 打败

(6). 有两种形式

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
bear bore born
bore borne
hang hanged hanged 吊死
hung hung
learn learned learned
learnt learnt
lie lied lied 说谎
lay lain
show showed showed 给……看
showed shown
spell spelled spelled 拼写
spelt spelt
burn burned burned
burnt burnt
smell smelled smelled
smelt smelt
shine shined shined 照耀
shone shone
dream dreamed dreamed 做梦
dreamt dreamt
wake waked waked
woke woken
hide hid hid 躲藏
hid hidden
bite bit bit
bit bitten
light lighted lighted 点着
lit lit
prove proved proved 证明
proved proven
quit quit quit 放弃
quited quited
rid rid rid 免除;去掉
ridded ridded
saw sawed sawed
sawed sawn
sew sewed sewed 缝纫
sewed sown
shine shone shone 发光;闪亮
shined shined
sink sank sunk 下沉
sank sunken
sow sowed sowed 种植
sowed sown
spit spat spat
spit spit
spring sprang sprung 跳跃
sprung sprung
wet wet wet 浸湿;弄湿
wetted wetted

(7). 情态动词

原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
can could
may might 也许
must 必须
shall should 将要
will would

 

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