2024年初中英语基本句型梳理
从英语的句子结构上说,除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外,在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式。
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
eg. Time flies.
(1)S + V + adverbial(状语)
eg. Birds sing beautifully.
(2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
eg. He went on holiday.
(3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
eg. We stopped to have a rest.
(4)S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
eg. I'll go swimming.
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
eg.We like English.
(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron
eg. I like music.
eg. I like her.
(2)S + Vt+ infinitive(不定式)
eg. I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。
(3)S + Vt+ Wh- + Infinitive
eg. I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
(4)S + Vt+ Gerund(动名词)
eg. I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
(5)S + Vt+ That-clause
eg. I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得), hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
eg. We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,
①表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
②表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。
③表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
④表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等
⑤其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,hang等。
(1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
eg. He is a boy.
eg. This is mine.
(2)S + Lv + Adj.(形容词)
eg. She is beautiful.
(3)S + Lv + Adv.(副词)
eg. Class is over.
(4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase
eg. He is in good health.
(5)S + Lv + Participle(分词)
eg. He is excited.
eg. The film is interesting.
4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(直接 宾)
eg. I give you help.
(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N
eg. I sent him a book.
eg. I bought May a book.
(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + To/for-phrase
eg. He sent a book to me.
eg. He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)
eg. I make you clear.
(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N
eg. We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Adj.
eg. He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,want, wash, wipe, wish等。
(3)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Prep Phrase
eg. She always keeps everything in good order.
(4)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Infinitive
eg. I wish you to stay.
eg. I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,notice, see, watch等。
(5)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Participle (分词)
eg. I heard my name called.
eg. I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
(6)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
eg. He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
(7)①S + Vt+ N/Pron + That-clause
eg. He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
②S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-clause
eg. He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
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