2024年初中英语宾语从句知识点分享
宾语从句是英语主从复合句中最常见的从句之一，也是考试必考的内容之一，宾语从句的用法一直是学习的重点、难点。
中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在三点：
1）引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；
2）宾语从句的语序；
3）宾语从句的时态。
及要了解宾语从句的简化。
宾语从句，说它难吧，挺容易;说它容易吧，却总会有疏忽的地方，接下来我们一起来梳理一下吧!
宾语从句
在及物动词、介词、动词不定式、动名词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，
如：I know the man.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语
如：I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句
宾语从句：属于名词性从句。在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的不同连词
根据，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
以下动词后面经常跟that宾语从句:
say, think, suppose, suggest, know, see, understand
等
引导词that不能省略的情况
①当宾语从句的主语是that时;
②当宾语从句含有主从复合句时;
③当两个或者多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that都不可以省略。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
注：
①where， when， why， how等连接副词在从句中作状语
E.g：
Do you know where she lives?
你知道她住在那里吗?
②who，which， what等连接代词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语等。
E.g：
Can you tell me what she is doing?
你能告诉我她正在干什么吗?
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，不做任何成分，但是不能省略。
例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
只能用whether不用if 的三种情况：
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①与or not连用：
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
他问我是否会来。
②在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
取决于是否下雨。
③在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there.
我们还没有决定去哪儿。
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
(2014天津)37.--- Could you tell me_____ yuanxiao in china?
--- Usually at Lantern Festival.
A.when do people eat
B.how do people eat
C.when people eat
D.how people eat
答案选C
答案解析：由答句“总是在元宵节”可知是对时间提问，因此首先排除BD，从句做tell的宾语，因此是考察宾语从句，宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，因此排除A。.句意：你能告诉我在中国什么时候吃元宵吗?总是在元宵节。
注：否定转移
think, guess, suppose, believe 等且主语为第一人称
当主句的谓语动词为时，，一般将否定词 not转移到主句的谓语中，这就叫作“否定转移”。
如：
I don't think he will come this evening.
我认为他今晚不会来。
动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。
如：
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.
我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
宾语从句的时态
1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
2） 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的某一时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）
。
例如：
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3）从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，要用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
Could you tell me where the bookshop is.
4）从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
(2012天津)43.—Can you tell me ________?
— With Lucy’s help.
A.when you did it so well
B. when did you do it so well
C. how you did it so well
D. how did you do it so well
选C
答案解析：，考察宾语从句。由答句“在露西的帮助下”可知是对方式提问，因此首先排除AB，从句做tell的宾语，因此是考察宾语从句，宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，因此排除D。答案选C.句意：你能告诉我你怎么做的这么好吗?有露西的帮助。
宾语从句的简化
简化宾语从句常用六法：
不定式结构
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为。
例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
“疑问词+不定式”结构
2. 当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为。
例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
“疑问词+不定式”结构
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为。
例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
→Could you tell me how to get to the station?
“名词（代词）+不定式”结构
3. 当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为。
例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化
4. 某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用。
例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构
5. 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为。
例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。
6. 动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用
例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
特殊句式的转化
除上述方法外，还有一些。
例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy.
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