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定语从句：中考难度

定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(一个句子用来修饰名词或代词，充当形容词的功能作定语)，先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句常置于所修饰先行词的后面。

She is abeautifulgirl. beautiful是一个形容词用来修饰后面的名词girl充当定语成分，单个修饰成分放在被修饰词的前面，但当是短语或句子时就会放在被修饰词的后面。如：the girlin redis my sister.in red就是介词短语做girl的修饰成分(定语)。而定语从句是指定语部分不再是一个简单的成分而是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，整个句子叫做复合句

如:I like the musicthat I can dance tomusic是先行词，that是关系代词

He is the manwho I met yesterday.man是先行词，who是关系代词

思考：Students like the English teacher who/that is interesting

she likes English which/that is interesting

引导词：分关系代词和关系副词，须放在先行词的后面，定语从句的前面，起连接作用且在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

关系代词：

That：指物或指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略，作主语不可省略。

Which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略，作主语不可省略。

Who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不能省略，作宾语可省略。

Whom：whom指人，是who的宾格，在句中只作宾语，当前面没有介词时，可省略。

Whose：指人或指物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。所有格相当于先行词+’s)

关系副词：(初高中英语李老师：15191416900(同微)

When：表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。先行词为表示时间的名词

I'll never forget the day when Imet you.(when/on which)

Where：表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。先行词为地点的名词

The factory where Tom works is in Ankang.(where=in which)

Why：表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词只有一个，即the reason(why可省略)

That's the reason whyI asked you to come.(why/for which)

注意：关系副词有时可换成相应的介词+which，when=on which，where=at/in which，why=for which

因为先行词是名词或代词，

关系代词引导的定语从句在从句中做主语或宾语

关系副词引导的定语从句做状语

whose引导的定语从句做定语

当先行词是指人且在从句中充当主语时：引导词需用who/that，不可省略

Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday

当先行词是指人且在从句中充当宾语时：引导词可用who/whom/that，且可以省略

The girl(that/who/whom/可省略)you are talking with is my friend

当先行词是指物且在从句中充当主语时：引导词需用which/that，不可省略

We need to buy some apples(which/that)are good for our health

当先行词是指物且在从句中充当宾语时：引导词需用which/that，且可以省略

The books( that/which/可省略) they bought were very expensive.

以上定语从句中需要特别注意：

1：含有定语从句的复合句一般分为两层：主句层(第一层)和定语从句层(第二层);

2：定语从句可拆分成两个结构完整语意近似的句子(这两个句子必定有相同的一个部分)

如：Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday

可拆分为：I know the man和The man came here yesterday

如：The lady(who/that/省略)we saw yesterday is Green

可拆分为：The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.

总结：人(n.) + who/that +从句 物(n.) + that/which +从句

关系代词who; that;的作用：

1.做代词，代替先行词(初高中英语李老师：15191416900(同微)

2..在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语

3.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来

用that/who填空

1. The girl __________ you saw just now is my sister.

2. Do you remember the words _________ we learned last year.

3. This is the watch __________ my mother gave me for my birthday.

4. I like the present ________ you’ve sent to me.

5. The nurse ____ we talked about can speak English well.

6. This is the man _______ I met yesterday.

7. No one likes books _____ are boring.

习题：按要求完成：

That woman is my teacher. She is wearing a pink dress. (合二为一)

The womana pink dress is my teacher.

1：用定语从句连接

1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.

2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.

2：把定语从句拆分成两个完整句子：

1.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.

2.I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.

who / that/which在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致

I prefer shoes that______ cool. (be)I like a pizza that______ really delicious. (be)

I love singers who ______ beautiful. (be)I have a friend who _______ sports. (play)

较难，看情况掌握：

whom为who的宾语形式,当先行词指人且做宾语时可用whom，在句中只作宾语，其前没有介词时，也可用who替换使用，也可省略，当前面有介词或介词提前时，只能用whom不能用who。

The person to whom you just spoke is Mr.Li.引导词前有介词，且指人，只能用whom且不可省略

以上句子相当于：The person(who/that/省略)you just spoke to is Mr.Li

Whose(who的所有格)引导的定语从句强调先行词的“所属关系”，先行词“的”什么什么人或物品等，先行词可人可物，从句可为限定与非限定从句.

The boy whose mother is ill is crying可拆分为：the boy is crying. The boy’s mother is ill

难点：

which和that的区别：两者都可用作关系代词引导定语从句，指物时有时可互换。

一：指物时只能用which，不能用that的情况。(初高中英语李老师：15191416900(同微)

(1)引导非限制性定语从句时(比较简单)。

I lost my watch, which is not found yet. 我把表丢了，到现在还没有找到。

He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.

(2)先行词在介词的后面做介词的宾语时，如：

This is the book of which l was speaking.这就是我跟你们提到过的那本书。

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.

二：关系代词指物时用that不用which的情况

1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。

(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the animals.

(2) There is much that I wantto tell you.

(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?(初高中英语李老师：15191416900(同微)

2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。

You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如：

This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.

You arethe onlyperson that I can turn to for help.

5.先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如：

Hebought the paintingsandthebooks that interested him.

6.先行词为one时。

Is it the one (that) you want?这是你所要的吗?

7.多个定语从句修饰时，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如：

They built a factory which produced things thatwas very cheap.

8.以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。

Which is the bus that you will take?

9.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

I am not the man(that)I was我已经不是过去的我了

较难，看情况掌握：

先行词前有the same修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如：

This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如：

This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

三：关系代词指人时，只能用that不能用who的情况：(初高中英语李老师：15191416900(同微)

1.泛指某人时。如：He is a man that nevergives up.

2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如：

Who is the person that is talking with ourteacher?

Who is the girl that won the first place?获得第一名的女孩是谁?

3.先行词前有the same时。如：This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

一：将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有that或which引导的定语从句的复合句。

1.The pot is very expensive. It was used by my mom yesterday.

2. The magazine is mine. You read it this morning.

3. The dog is cute. Tom is looking after it.

4. That is the most interesting film. She has seen the film.

二：选用that, who, whom或which填空。

1. The girlyou saw at the meeting is a good swimmer.

2. The townwe visited a few years ago is much larger than before.

3. April 1st is a dayis called April Fools’ Day.

4. The girloften helps me with my English is from No. 8 Middle

This is the biggest libraryI have ever seen.A. which B. what C. where D. that

This is the very person _______I am looking for.A. which B. that C. who D. whom

Tell me everything ____ you know.A. whichB. about that C. about which D. that

I like the teacher ____ classes are very interesting .A. which B. who C. what D. whose

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