2024年中考英语常考数词七个高频考点
考点1 考查基数词与序数词的用法区别
基数词表示人或事物数量的多少,如one,two,three,four,five,six等;而序数词则表示人或事物的顺序,如first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth等。在通常情况下,基数词除one外,其余的后接名词时,名词原则上要用复数;而序数词在后接名词时,原则上用单数。如:
He has four children, but he likes his fourth child most.他有四个孩子,但他最喜欢他的第四个孩子。
【考例1】Father's Day is on __ Sunday of June.(湖南长沙中考题)
A. three
B. third
C. the third
D. a third
【分析】答案选C。由于空格后的名词为单数,所以不能选基数词three,故可排除A;其余三个选项均为序数词,但只有带定冠词的C才是正确的,因为此处的句意为特指。句意为,父亲节是六月的第三个星期日。
【考例2】-Where does John live?
-He lives on __ floor but he doesn't use a lift to go up and down.
A. nine
B. the ninth
C. ninth
D. a ninth
【分析】答案选B。由于空格后的名词floor为单数,所以空格处不能填基数词,故可排除A;而序数词前通常用定冠词,而不用不定冠词,故选B。
考点2 考查数词在编号中的用法
在类似编号的场合,序数词应放在被修饰词语之前,若用基数词则置于其后。如,
the First Lesson/Lesson One第1课
the tenth chapter/chapter ten第10章
the sixth line/ line 6第6行
the third part / part three第三部分
但是,在许多情况下,用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便。如:
Book One第1册
Room 805 805房
page 110第110页
Bus Number Ten第10路公共汽车
【考例】-There is a wrong word in line __ .
-Where?
-In the __ line.
A. two;two
B. two;second
C. second;two
D. second;second
【分析】答案选B。in line two与in the second line同义,均表示"第二行”。又如:lesson five与the fifth lesson同义,均表示“第五课”。
考点3 考査用英语表示分数的用法
用英语表示分数的方法是:先说分子,后说分母;分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过"一"时,分母用复数形式。如"三分之二"可表示为two thirds(可理解为“两个三分之一”)。但是有些分数的表示比较其特别,如"二分之一”通常说成a (one) half,“四分之一”通常说成a quarter。
【考例】__ of the students in our class __ money to the disabled people these days.
A. Two third, have raised
B. Two thirds, has raised
C. Two three. have raised
D. Two thirds, have raised
【分析】答案选D。“三分之二”的分子是“二",用基数词two表示:分母是"三”,用序数词third表示,由于分子大于一,故表示分母的third要用复数,即可排除A和C;又因为一个班三分之二的学生肯定不只一个,故请语动词要用复数,即选D不选B。
考点4 考查hundred,thousand,million单复数用法
当hundred,thousand,million与数词连用表示具体数量时,它们既不用复数形式,后接名词时也不用介词of。如,
Can you lend me a hundred dollars?你可否借给我一百美金?
This theatre holds a thousand persons.这家剧院能容纳一千人。
The sun is 92 million miles away.太阳离这里有九千二百万英里。
但是,若泛指数百、数千、数百万等,则用hundreds of,thousands of,millions of等这样的结构。如:Hundreds of people attended the meeting.有几百人参加了会议。
They received millions of letters asking for information他们收到了无数的咨询信件。
Men have been making music for thousands of years.人类创作音乐已有数千年历史。
【考例1】More than two years ago, __ people knew little about the universe.
A. thousands
B. thousand
C. thousand of
D. thousands of
【分析】答案选B。与具体数字连用时,thousand不用加词足-s,其后也不用介词of,
【考例2】Enshi is becoming a tourist city. __ people come here during the holidays every year.
A. Thousand of
B. Thousands of
C. Five thousands of
D. Five thousands
【分析】答察选B。与具体数字连用时,thousand不用加词属-s,其后也不用介词of,故可排除C和D。但表示不确定的"数千"数以千计"时,则不仅要加词足"s,而且要后接介词of,故只能选B,不能选A。
考点5考查带有数词的复合形容词
根据英语习惯,在"数词+名词""数词+名词+名词""数词+名词+形容词”这类复合形容词中,其中的名词只用单数形式,不用复数形式。如:
a two-mile walk两英里的步行
a six-inch ruler六英寸长的尺子
a two-hour exam.一次两小时的考试
a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩
an eighteen-month-old baby一个18个月大的婴儿
a five-hundred-meter rope一根500米长的绳子
【考例1】Each of us has to write a __ report every two weeks.
A. two-hundred-word
B. two-hundreds-word
C. two-hundreds-words
D. two-hundred-words
【分析】答案选A。带有数词的复合形容词中,数词后的名词要用单数。又如:She has a ten-year-old son.她有个10岁的儿子。He wrote a five-hundred-word letter to me.他写了一封500字的信给我。
【考例2】A new study proves a __ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat.
A. 30-minute
B. 30 minute's
C. 30-minutes
D. 30 minute
【分析】答案选A。按英语习惯,在带有数词的复合形容词中,数词后的名词要用单数。所以不能选C;另外,这类结构中的连字符原则上不能省略。
考点6 考查简单运算后对相应数词进行选择
严格说来,这类题只是借助"数词”作为一种命题手段,与数词的用法关系不大。
【考例】-There are sixty students in our class. And __ of us are boys.
-Wow! You have forty girls!
A. one fourth
B. one third
C. two fifths
D. two thirds
【分析】答案选B。做这道题要先运算一下:上文说这个班上共有60名学生,下文说女生有40个,这说明男生的数量为60-40-20个。那么20个是60个的几分之几呢?显然是“三分之一",故答案选B。
考点7 综合考查数词的不同知识点
即将数词的各个知识点综合起来进行考查。如
【考例】About __ of the workers in the factory were born in the __.
A. two-thirds, 1970
B. two-thirds, 1970s
C. two-third, 1970
D. two-third, 1970s
【分析】答案选B。“三分之二”也就是两个“三分之一”,所以third要用复数,可排除C和D;表示在某一年,其前不用冠词,表示在某个年代,其前要用定冠词,同时表示“年代”的数词要加词尾-s或-'s。比较:in 1990=在1990年,in the 1990s=在20世纪90年代。
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