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2024年初中英语词汇与语法基础——冠词

2023-08-14 20:21:01佚名
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【知识要点】?

(一)不定冠词a,an的用法如下:

?a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。

值得注意的是:

A. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。

B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头,而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素,就用an。例如hour, honest。

C. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。

1?表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)?

Adictionary isauseful book.

Anunderground train can start and stop quickly.

2?用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, onceaweek.

3.泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人、何物,如:

Aboy is waiting for me.

Give meapen, please.

4?用于某些固定短语中?

如:afew,alittle,alot of,anumber of, justaminute, inahurry, forawhile, foralong time,acup of,abottle of, havearest, haveatalk, haveafever, haveagood time, have(take)awalk, haveatoothache, takeabath, givealesson

(二)定冠词用法如下:?

定冠词的用法如下:

1.指彼此都知道的人或事物,如:

Openthedoor, please.

Go and closethewindow.

2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如:

Thegirl in red is my sister.

Theman over there is our English teacher.

Thebook on the desk is mine.

3.指前面提到过的人或事物,如:

Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works inthefactory.

4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如:

TheNile isthelongest river in the world.

He wonthefirst prize.

The sun rises intheeast.

5.用在某些名词化的形容词,过去分词前,表示一类人或事物, 如:

therich,thesick,thenew ,thefalse

6.用在某些专用名词前, 如:

theGreat Wall

thePeople’s Republic of China

theUnited Nations

the Netherlands

7.在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面,如:

theNorth China Plain

theRocky Mountains

theYangtse River

8.在一些用语中,如:

in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time

(三)不用冠词的情况?

1.专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如:

China, Beihai Park

2.名词前面已有用作定语的this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代词作定语时,不用冠词。如:

The letter is from my father.

I have a book in my hand.

3.在复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如:

Horses are useful animals.

Ilike cakes.

4.在节日名称,(称呼语和表示官衔的名词前)星期、月份、季节前。如:

Today is Sunday.

Spring is the best season in the year.

Children’s Day

5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。?

6.球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如:

I like to play basketball.

We have lunch at school.

7.在表示家庭成员名称,称呼语,表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。

8. 在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中,如:

go to school , be in hospital, be in prison

注意下列词组的区别, in fort of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital, at table与at the table, go to school与go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的数量 ?

二、学习时需要注意的要点

(1)在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前,用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所,而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较:

at table就餐

at the table坐在桌边

go to school去上学

go to the school 去这个学校

in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在这家医院

go to prison(违法而)进监狱

go to the prison到监狱

go to church做礼拜

go to the church到教堂

in class在课堂上

in the class在班级里

(2)在某些词前用不同冠词(定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词),意义大不相同,例如

a little/few有一点

little/few几乎没有

a number of许多

the number of ……的数目

in front of在……前面

in the front of在……前部

take place发生

take the place of 代替

out of the question根本不可能

out of question 没有问题

the most beautiful最漂亮

most beautiful非常漂亮

for a moment片刻

for the moment暂时

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