2024年初中英语考点梳理之介词
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介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用，一般也无句子重音。常常放在名词或代词之前，与之一起构成介词短语，共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词义上往往看不出是介词。如：against的意思是“反对”，在汉语里是动词，在英语里却是介词。
一、表示时间的介词
1．at, in ，on
◆at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”
◆in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
◆on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
On the afternoon of May 23.
2．from, since, for
◆ from表示“等时间的起点”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
◆since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
◆for 与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。
for two hours since last week
3．after, in, within
◆after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了
◆ within“在……时间之内”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
◆ in 后面接过去的时间点表过去，若后面接一段时间，则表示“在……时间之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将会在3天后回来。
二、表示“地点、方向”的介词
1.In, outside between, among
◆in表示“在……里面”，如：
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。
◆outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?
◆ between在……之间(指二者)
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
◆among在……之间(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷!
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2．on, above, over, below, under
◆ on在……上面，表面相互接触。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。
◆above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，与below相对。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。
◆over“在……正上方”，与under相对。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。
◆ below在……下方，低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
◆under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
3．near, by, beside
◆near在……附近，与far相对
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
My home is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。
◆ by = beside,靠近，在……旁边，比near距离更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4．in front of, in the front of , behind, around
◆in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.
在房间前半部有把红椅子。
◆behind在……后面588.es
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。
◆ around在……周围，围绕
There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。
5．along, across, through
◆along沿着
He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。
◆ across横穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。
◆ through穿过
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。
6．at, in
二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。(但大小有时也是相对的)。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。
三、其它用途的介词
1．表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by
◆at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2．表示“材料”的介词：of, from
◆ of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strwberres. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
◆from表示从成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
3．表示“工具或手段”的介词：by, with, on
◆ by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如：
by bus乘公共汽车，by plane乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
◆ with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃打碎了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右脚把球停住。
◆on以……方式。多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4．besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football.
除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。
◆besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
◆except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动，而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人，可他不是)
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