动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。

它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。

动词不定式具有两大特点：

1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。

2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。

下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。

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No.1

动词不定式作主语

1.It's our duty _________ the room every day.A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans(甘肃省)2.It's hard for us _________ English well.A.learn B.learns C.to learn D.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.(安徽省)A.for， of B.of， for C.to， for D.of， toKeys：1.A 2.C 3.take， to， build 4.B【解析】动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。

No.2

动词不定式作宾语

1.He wants ______ some vegetables.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys (山西省)2.Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.A.to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking (福建省)3.He found it very difficult ______.A.sleeping B.sleepsC.slept D.to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys：1.C 2.A 3.D【解析】want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

No.3

动词不定式作宾语补足语

1.Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with (江苏省)2.Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.A.cook B.cooks C.to cook D.cooked (甘肃省)Key：1.B 2.C【解析】不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。

No.4

动词不定式作状语

1.She went ______ her teacher.A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing (江西省)2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best ______ English well.A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learns (四川省)Key：1.A 2.C【解析】go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3.I'm sorry ______ that.A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear (河北省)4.I'm sorry ______ you.A.trouble B.to trouble C.troubling D.troubled (吉林省)5.My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.A.to meet B.meet C.met D.meets (甘肃省)Keys：3.D 4.B 5.A【解析】"be +形容词+ to do sth"结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6.The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through.(广东省)7.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it.(改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______.(广东省)Keys：6.is， too， small， for 7.thick， for， to， skate， on【解析】在上述"too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。

No.5

动词不定式作定语

1.Would you like something ______?A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks (湖北省)2.I have a lot of homework ______.A.do B.doing C.did D.to do (河南省)3.He is not an easy man ______.A.get on B.to get on C.get on with D.to get on with (山东省)Key：1.C 2.D 3.D【解析】不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。

No.6

不带to的动词不定式

1.We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.A.to enter B.enter C.entering D.entered (河南省)2.So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.A.to feel B.feels C.feeling D.feel (吉林省)3.Your father is sleeping.You'd better ______.A.not wake up him B.not to wake up himC.not wake him up D.not to wake him up (陕西省)4.I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.A.do B.doing C.to do D.did (贵州省)Key：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C【解析】1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在"had better"后面接不带to的不定式。

No.7

动词不定式的否定形式

1.Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.A.not to jump B.to not jump　C.didn't jump D.not jump (广西壮族自治区)2.The old man told the child ______ noisy.A.not be B.not to be C.to not be D.be not (湖北省)3.There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow.Please try ______ late.A.have,not to be B.have,not beC.be,not to be D.be,not be (内蒙古自治区)Key：1.A 2.B 3.C【解析】动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.

No.8

某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别

1.Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.A.to have B.having C.have D.has (广西壮族自治区)2.——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.A.take B.taking C.to take D.took (湖北省)3.——Let's have a rest, shall we?——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.A.write B.to write C.writing D.and write (湖北省)4.Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)Key：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.walking【解析】一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下："stop to do sth"意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事"，"stop doing sth"意为"停止正在做的事"："remember to do sth"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做)，"remember doing sth"意为"记得做过某事"(事已做)："go on to do sth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一事，接着做另一事)，"go on doing sth"意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往下做)："forget to do sth"意为"忘了做某事"(事还未做)，"forget doing sth"意为"忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。5.When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.A.flies B.flying C.flew D.to fly (福建省)6.A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.A.happen B.happens C.happening D.to happen (黑龙江省)Key：5.B 6.A【解析】在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。

No.9

动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留

1.Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, ______.What time are we going to meet?A.I would B.I would like C.I like to D.I'd like to (浙江省)2.Would you like to go for a picnic with us?______.What time are we going to meet?A.No, I can't B.Yes, I'm glad　C.Yes, I'd love to D.I'd like (大连市)Keys：1.D 2.C【解析】在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"be glad to"，"would like (love) to"，"have to"等结构中。

No.10

动词不定式的被动式和其他形式

The new hospital ______ is near the factory.A.build B.builds C.to build D.to be built (青海省)Key：D

【解析】当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be +现在分词

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