过去将来时

1

含义

表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。

would come

I didn't know if he.

我不知道他是否会来。

would become

They never knew that populationa big problem.

他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。

would visit

Betty said shethe Great Wall next Saturday.

贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。

2

基本构成

过去将来时的构成和一般将来时的构成一样，只要把助动词will，shall变成过去式即可，即“would/should+do”。其中should

肯定句：

主语+ would/should+动词原形+其他.

否定句：

主语+ would/should not+动词原形+其他.

一般疑问句：

Would/Should +主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问句：

疑问词+ would/should+动词原形+其他?

3

基本用法

1. 过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作或状态。

wouldn't open

This door.

老是打不开

这扇门。

would play

Iwhen I was a child.

总是和他一起玩

当我还是孩童时，。

would accept

2.过去将来时还可用于间接引语及宾语从句中。I thought hethe invitation, but he refused it.我原以为他会接受邀请，但他拒绝了。He didn't expect that weallthere.他没想到我们都在那里。

4

过去将来时的其他几种结构

过去将来时的结构除了“would +动词原形”，还有：was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were due to do, was/ were to do 等，他们含义相近，但也略有区别。

1.was/were going to do表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。如：

was going to leave

Hewhen you arrived.你到达时他正准备离开。Helast night, but it rained.他本打算昨晚来的，但是下雨了。I thought therea storm soon.我想将有一场暴风雨来临。

was about to leave

2. was/wereabout to do表示“正要，即将”。如：Shewhen a car drove up.她正要离开时一辆车开了过来。We all felt that our luck.我们都认为快要转运了。Hethe race. Suddenly he stumbled and fell.他就要赢得赛跑比赛时，突然脚下一绊摔倒了。

was due to graduate

3. was/were due to do表示“定于(某时做某事)”。如：Hein July.他将于七月份毕业。The shipat mid-night.这艘船定于午夜启航。The conferencefive days.会议将持续五天。

4.was/were to do表示曾计划做某事，如果计划的事情没有实现，要用不定式完成时。如：

was to

He said hetake up the position.

他说他要承担这个职务。

was to

He said hethe position, but later he changed his mind.

他说他本打算承担这个职务的，但是后来改变了主意。

拓展：

was/were to do 有时表示“后来，结果，注定”的含义，并非单纯地指过去的将来。如：

was to

At that time he did not know that quitting the jobbecome the turning point in his life.

那时候他还不知道，辞去这份工作成了他生活的转折点。

5. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：

was leaving

He said the trainat six the next morning.

他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。

was coming

She told me sheto see me.

她告诉我她要来看我。

5

典型错误例析

1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。

误：

We didn't know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：

We didn't know whether heat the meeting.

析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。

2. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。

误：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：

Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that shebuy some books.

析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should只用于第一人称，而would可用于各种人称。

6

练习及答案

【典型考例】

1.(2020甘肃)When will Ms. Zhu leave? I didn't know.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)

I didn't know Ms. Zhu leave.

答案：when; would

解析：宾语从句以疑问词when开头;主句用一般过去时，主过从必过，从句用过去将来时，will改为would。

2.(2019江苏无锡)— Uncle Sam said he my birthday party, but he never showed up.

— That's Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!

A. will attend

B. would attend

C. has attended

D. had attended

答案：B

解析：因为主句谓语动词为一般过去时said，所以，宾语从句表示的是过去将要发生的动作，因此从句的谓语动词使用过去将来时，即“would+动词原形或was/were going to +动词原形”，所以，正确答案为B。句意是：—山姆叔叔说，他要来参加我的生日聚会，可是他却没有露面。—山姆叔叔就是那样的。他忘记啦!

3.(2019河南)Jerry didn't pay me back, but he promised that he this Sunday.

A. must

B. could

C. would

D. should

答案：C

解析：根据前半句中“didn't pay”及后半句主句中的“promised”，可知此处应使用过去的某种时态;再根据“this Sunday”可知，此处是从过去看将来要发生的动作，故要用过去将来时态，即“should/would +动词原形”。此处主语he是第三人称，故助动词只能用would，所以正确答案是C。句意：杰瑞没有还我钱，但他答应这个星期天会还我的。

【强化练习】

用所给动词的正确形式填空

1. Miss Zhang said she (visit) the Great Wall next summer.

2. She told him that she (not stay) here for long.

3. She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning.

4. I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning.

5. He was fifty-six. In two years he (be) fifty-eight.

6. Whenever she had time, she (help) them in their work.

【答案】

1. would visit

2. would not stay

3. was leaving

4. would lend

5. would be

6. would help

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