2023年初中英语中过去完成时用法和达标练习
中学英语中的过去完成时用法和达标练习
一、概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去( past-in-the-past )"。
那时以前 那时 现在
二、常搭配的时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month„),etc.
三、基本结构：had +动词的过去分词(done).(had通用于各种人称)
否定形式：had + not +动词的过去分词done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
例句：She said she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
四、过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 )before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。
过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
五、过去完成时的主要用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在"过去的过去"。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在"过去的过去")
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是"过去的过去"，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )
3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
(had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能)
达标练习：
一、单项选择
1.He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had beenB. where I had gone
C. where had I beenD. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, doB. has,doneC did, did.D. had,done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had,a fewB. has,severalC. had,a lot ofD. has,a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seenB. sawC. will seeD. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed universityB. has completed the university
B. had completed an universityD. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. forB. inC. byD. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, pianoB. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done
12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work
13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin,but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…theB. the… theC. / …theD. the…/
15. By the time he was 4,he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was leftB. had leftC. has leftD. left
17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. livedB. had livedC. have livedD. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrivedB. was arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived
19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finishedB. will finishC. finishesD. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watchB. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watchingD. had fallen asleep…watched
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______(arrive).
4. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make)a phone call.
6. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
7. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
8. When the chairman ____________ (finish) speaking, he __________ (leave)the hall.
9.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
10..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
11. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
12. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
13. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
14. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
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