【知识梳理

(一)含义

现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

e.g. Ihave lostmy wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)

Janehas laidthe table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)

Michaelhas beenill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)

He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)

(二)结构

助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。

(三)句型

1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。

I have studied English for 5 years.

2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。

We haven’t been there.

3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?

Has he eaten that apple?

4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他?

(四)用法

1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。

e.g. Mary has been illforthree days.

I have lived heresince1998.

2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：

e.g. He hasalreadyobtained a scholarship.

I haven’t seen much of himrecently (lately).

We have seen that filmbefore.

Have they found the missing childyet?

3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：

e.g. Have youeverbeen to Beijing?

I haveneverheard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen onlythree times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman onseveraloccasions.

4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。

e.g. Peter has written six papersso far.

Man hasnowlearned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

There has been too much rainthis year.

The relations between us have been enhanced inthe past few years.

Up to the presenteverything has been successful.

5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。

e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)

Thomas has studied Russianfor three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)

6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。

e.g. Wehave had four textsthis semester.

现在完成时中的时间状语：

★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：

We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you finished it already?

★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”;用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：

—Has he found his watch yet?他还没找到他的表吗?

—No, not yet. 是,还没有。

★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：

Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那里吗?

Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事。

★never意为“(曾经)从未、没有”,是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：

I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her.我从未跟她讲过话。

★just意为“刚刚”,用于现在完成时,表示行为刚刚过去,位于助动词与过去分词之间。

e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。

★just now意为“刚才”,表示过去某时,用于一般过去时,位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。

★for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。

注意：since后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.

★have/has gone to、have/has been to和have/has been in的区别。

have/ has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在,常与一段时间连用

e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青岛了吗?但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?

【

The old man _________ last year. Hefor a year. (die)(动词填空)

2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory________ _______ ________for twenty years.

3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ for an hour.

4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

1.died, has been dead

2.has been opened

3.has been away

4.joined, ago

5.It is, since

6.The bus has been here for ten minutes

【

I.

1.look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—

5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish—

9. want— 10. are—11. go— 12. have—

13. do— 14. get— 15.come— 16. say—

II.

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?

She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday

10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.

11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)

14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________.

17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.

19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.

20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)

26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.

27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

28.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

III.单选

1 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. Still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written

5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .

-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; good

C. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better

BBCDC

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studyingB. will ; study

C. has ; studiedD. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. Knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see

9、-These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they goB. did they go

C. do they goD. have they gone

10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished

B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished

D. will ; do ; finish

CCBBB

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joinedB. has joined

C. was inD. has been in

12、-Do you know him well ?

- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. wereB. have been

C. have becomeD. have made

13、-How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A. beenB. goneC. comeD. Arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. Began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. isB. hasC. willD. Was

DCACA

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has goneB. went

C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been inB. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_____ ?

A. so they B. don't they C. have theyD. haven't they

19、_____ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_____ to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work

C. has lived there D. has left the university

AADCC

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