2023年初中英语现在完成时语法归纳总结及练习
现在完成时语法归纳总结及练习(含答案)
现在完成时表示发生在过去持续到现在完成或未完成的事情，对现在造成了某种影响或产生了某种结果。也表示到现在为止从未做过的事情。
现在完成时的谓语动词构成是：have/has+动词的过去分词(过去分词用P.P.表示)，have/has叫助动词，变成否定形式是：haven’t /hasn’t +过去分词，变一般疑问句就是把have、has提到主语前面，标点用问号,用yes、no回答。例如：I have ever seenthe film before. I haven't seen the film. Have you seen the film before?Yes，I have. No, Ihaven't.
动词的过去分词的变化规则和过去式的规则是一样的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化和动词变过去式的方法一样。不规则变化没有一定的规律性，得需要背诵。
一：把下列动词变成过去分词：
1.enter _____ 2. afford _______ 3. invite______ 4. try ______
5. stop______ 6. smell _______ 7. send _____ 8. dream _____
9. do______ 10. get ______ 11.feel ______ 12. make _____
在学习现在完成时态时，我们有时用一些词加以强调或说明。如：just(刚刚，刚才)，already(已经), ever(曾经), never(从不), yet(还未). just一般用在肯定句中，放在have/has和过去分词之间;already用于肯定句，放在have/has和过去分词之间或句尾。ever一般没有句式限制，放在have/has和过去分词之间;never表示否定意义，放在have/has和过去分词之间;yet用于否定句或疑问句句尾，在否定句中一般翻译为：“已经”，在疑问句中一般翻译为：“尚，还未”。另外还有一些词也可用于现在完成时，如：before(以前)，一般放在句尾。so far(到目前为止)，可放句首也可放句尾。recently(最近)一般放句首。以上这些词是现在完成时的标志词，见到这些词可用现在完成时。
二：把下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。
1.I have done some pizza.
I ______ _______ any pizza.
_____ you _____ any pizza?
2.David has ever seen the film before.
David _____ ever ______ the film before.
_____David ever _____ the film before?
3.The spaceship has already arrived Mars.
The spaceship _____ _____ Mars _____.
_____the spaceship _____ Mars _____?
二:用just，before，so far，never，already, yet填空
1._____ he hasn't finished reading the book about space.
2.They have ____ watched a wonderful football match.
3.--Have you finished your homework _____?
-- Not ____. I need another hour.
4.Gina has ____seen the film twice.
5.My grandmother has ____ been to the Great Wall.
6.Linda has ever travelled around Europe _____.
要表达某一行为或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，我们也可借助现在完成时，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since(自从)引导。for后接一段时间，如：for a long time,for five years等;since后接表示过去的时间点，如：since 2003, sincetwo years ago, since last Friday等。另外since也可引导一个时间状语从句，这个从句要用一般过去时，它前面的主句用现在完成时。
三：用for或since填空
1.Mrs. Smith has been in Beijing ____ a long time.
2.They've been good friends ____ they were little kids.
3.Kate has been a member of the dancing club ____ two years ago.
4.He has studied at No. 1 Middle School ____ three years.
5.The boy has been ill ____ last Friday.
上文提到的“for和since+时间点或从句”都表示段时间，此时句子的谓语动词需要用延续性动词(即动词所表示的动作可以持续一段时间)，常见的延续性动词有：learn(学习); work(工作); live(居住); know(知道); walk(散步); watch(观看); sleep(睡觉); stay(呆，逗留); wait(等候，等待); keep(保持); last(持续)等等。
常见的非延续性动词有：open(打开);close(关闭); die(死，去世); leave(离开); begin(开始); come(来); go(去); borrow(借入); lend(借出，借给); buy(买); move(移动); join(加入)等等。非延续性动词可以用现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和段时间连用。在否定句中非延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
非延续性动词可以和延续性动词转换：
(1)转换成与其意思相对应的延续性动词
buy-- have; borrow--- keep; put on--- wear;
catch a cold--- have a cold have got--- have
(2)转换成“be+形容词、副词、介词、名词”的形式。
come/go/arrive--- be in/at +地点
begin/start--- be on finish/end/stop--- be over
open--- be open close--- be closed
die--- be dead leave--- be away
fall asleep--- be asleep join --- be a member of/ be in
come back--- be back become--- be
wake up --- be awake
四：延续性动词和非延续性动词的练习
1. --- How long have you ___ you cap? Itlooks cool.
--- About two weeks.
A. borrowed B. bought C. hadD. lent
2. -- Where are the teachers now?
-- In the meeting room. They ____ themeeting for 10 minutes.
A. have begun B. have been on
C.have had D. have been held
3.--Is everyone here, Jonathan?
-- No, Sir. Millie is absent. She____ for twodays.
A. has fallen ill B. has been ill
C. fell ill D. was ill
4.--The new skirt looks good on you. When did you buy it?
-- OnJuly 7th. I ____ it for a week.
A. have bought B. have had C. boughtD. buy
5.-- It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.
-- How time flies! We ____ in our hometownfor such a long time.
A. workB. worked C. has worked D.have worked
6.Bob, you ____ in this city since 2018. How do you like it?
A. livedB. live C. have lived D. lives
7.My father has ____ for five years.
A. diedB. been dead C. dead D. been died
8.We ____ from our hometown for about ten years.
A. have been away B. have left
C. have away D. was away
9.The film ____ for about ten minutes.
A. has begun B. has started C. beganD. has been on
10.The shop _____ since last month.
A. has opened B. has been opened C. openedD. was open
have been(to)与havegone(to)的区别及用法：
have been(to)表示某人去过某地，已经回来了。have gone(to)表示某人去了某地，还没有回来。(指所谈及的人物不在说话地点)
五：用have/hasbeen ; have/has gone填空
1.Lots of astronauts ____ to the space station. They found it very interesting.
2.Yang Liwei is the first astronaut in China who ____ to the moon.
3.-- Mum, where is Dad?
-- He ____ to the supermarket.
4.So far Linda _____ to many countries in Europe.
5.--The Whites _____ to Hong Kong.
-- Oh, really? I ____ never ____ therebefore.
六：综合练习
1.-The book is popular. ___ you ____ it yet?
-- Yes, I have.
A. Are; reading B. Were; reading C. Have; read D. Will; read
2.My uncle ____ to Canada last week. He ____ there three times.
A. went; had gone B. has gone; has gone
C. has been; had gone D. went; has been
3.Ourschool life ____ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.
A. changesB. changed C. will change D. has changed
4.– The air here is much fresher than before.
-- Exactly! We ___ a lot of trees in the pastfew years.
A. plantedB. were planting C. haveplanted D. will plant
5.-- ____ do you sleep every day, Eric?
-- For about eight hours.
A. How muchB. How long C. How often D. How fast
6.In the past 70 years, China ____ historic changes and made great achievements.
A. experienced B. has experienced
C. experiences D. would experience
7.It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong ____ to more than 1,000so far.
A. increaseB. increased C. hasincreased D. will in crease
8.-- ____ you ____ out the problem, Sam?
-- Not yet, but I’m going to.
A. Have; worked B. Are; working C. Did; workD. Will; work
9.Miss Smith isn’t here. She ___ the library.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. is going to D. goes
10.My father ____ a panda protection center since 2010, so he knows a lot aboutpandas.
A. workB. worked C. is working D. has worked
答案：
一：把下列动词变成过去分词：
1. entered 2. afforded 3. invited4. tried 5. stopped
6. smelled/smelt 7.sent 8. dreamed/dreamt 9. done
10. got 11. felt 12. made
二:用just，before，so far，never，already, yet填空
1.So far 2. just 3. yet; yet4. already 5. never 6. before
三：用for或since填空
1. for 2. since3. since 4. for 5. since
四：延续性动词和非延续性动词的练习
1--5 C C B B C 6--10 C B AD B
五：用have/hasbeen ; have/has gone填空
1. have been 2. hasbeen 3. has gone
4. has been 5. has gone;have been
六：综合练习1--5 C D D C B 6--10B C A B D
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