2023年初中英语语法之动词一般将来时
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一、概念：
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，及计划、打算或准备做某事。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon,the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、常用的表达形式：
(一)“will+动词原形”这一形式，主要用于在以下几种情况：
1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用于各个人称。eg:
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing and Yang Ling.我将和王兵、杨玲一起来。
The rain will stop soon.雨很快就要停了。
2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time nextyear.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
eg: Will you please turn on the radio?请打开收音机好吗?
Will you go to the zoo with me?你和我一起去动物园好吗?
Shall we go there at five?我们五点钟去那儿，好吗?
Will you please open the door?请你把门打开，好吗?
注：在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。
(二)“be goingto+动词原形”的形式，表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算;就要”。
如：1)We're going to meet outside theschool gate.我们打算在校门口见面。
2)Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
3)Look! It's going to rain.瞧!快下雨了。
三、一般将来时的特殊用法：
1、be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday.
He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。
2、“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
如：We are aboutto leave.我们马上就走。意为马上做某事。
He is aboutto leave for Beijing.
They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.)他们就要走了。
3、有些表趋向性的动词可用现在进行时来表示将来时：
例如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach(到达)，stay，leave，start, die...
如：I’m going togo to the zoo this weekend.= I’m going to the zoo this weekend.
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.
The old man is dying.= The old man will die.这个老人要去世。
Uncle Wang is coming.王叔叔就要来了。
4、要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象：重要连词有：if (如果)，as soon as (一....就...),when(当...时候)，before，after，until(直到 not..until直到...才) 等
If it rains, we won’t have a picnic nextweek.
I’ll tell you the news as soon as you comeback.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go outfor a picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。
四、否定形式：
在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成won’t.
例如：1) I’mgoing to have a picnic this afternoon.
→ I’m not going to have a picnic thisafternoon.
2) Peter will go to Nanning next week.
→Peter won’t go to Nanning next week.
五、一般疑问句：
be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。
例如：1)We are going to go on an outingthis weekend.
→ Are you going to go on an outing thisweekend? Yes,we are. / No, we aren’ t .
2) I will go swimming tomorrow.
→ Will you go swimming tomorrow.? Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.
六、There be句型的一般将来时：
随堂练习：
一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______(leave)in a minute. I ______(finish)all my work before I ______(leave).
2. —How long _____ you _____(study)in ourcountry?
—I _____(plan)to be here for about one more year.
—I _____(hope)to visit the other parts of yourcountry.
—What ______ you ______(do)after you______(leave)here?
—I ______(return)home and ______(get)a job.
3. I ______(be)tired. I ______(go)to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____(give)her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______(snow)soon.
6. —_____ you _____(be)here thisSaturday?
—No. I ______(visit)my teacher.
7. —______ I ______(get)you a copy oftoday’s newspaper?
—Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______(be)a meetingthis afternoon. I can’t join you.
9. Mike ______(believe, not)this until he ______(see)it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don’t think their team ______(win).
二、把下列各句译成英语
1.我叔叔今晚要来。
2.他没有打算住那座小屋。
3.我们要读这本书。
4.—你爸爸要去钓鱼吗?—不，他要去游泳。
参考答案：
一、1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave 2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ;will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get 3.am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall; get
8. will be 9. won’t believe ; sees 10. will win
二、1.My uncle will come tonight.
2.He isn't going to live inthe small house.
3.We are going to read thisbook.
4.—Will your father gofishing?—No，he is going swimming.
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