一般将来时

1

定义

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

2

基本结构

1.will/shall+动词原形

will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

否定

will not=won't;shall not=shan't

一般疑问

will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式：

特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

I will/shall do a better job next time.

下次我要做得好些。

Oil and water will not mix.

油和水没法混在一起。

—Will he help you with your English tonight?

今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?

—Yes, he will./No, he won't.

是的，他会。/不，他不会。

—When will you arrive for America?

你什么时候去美国?

—Tomorrow.

明天。

2. am/is/are going to +动词原形

否

am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一

am/is/are +主语+ going to +动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式：

特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

He is going to spend his holidays in London.

他打算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.

看那乌云，快要下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data for us?

他会帮我们收集数据吗?

What are you going to do tomorrow?

明天你打算做什么?

3.There be结构的一般将来时

肯定式：

There will be;There is/are going to be

否定式：

There won't be;There is/are not going to be

一般疑问式：

Will there be...;Is/are there going to be...

特殊疑问式：

特殊疑问词+一般疑问式

There will be a basketball match this afternoon.

=There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.

今天下午会有一场篮球赛。

There won't be a basketball match this afternoon.

=There isn't going to be a basketball match this afternoon.

今天下午没有篮球赛。

Will there be a basketball match this afternoon?

=Is there going to be a basketball match this afternoon?

今天下午有篮球赛吗?

When will there be a basketball match?

=When is there going to be a basketball match?

什么时候有一场篮球赛?

3

用法

will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。

1. will

(1)表示主观意愿的将来。

They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.

明天他们将去参观工厂。

I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.

我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。

(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.

今天是星期六。明天(将)是星期日。

He will be thirty years old this time next year.

明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁了。

(3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。

—Mary has been ill for a week.

玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.

噢，我不知道。我去看看她。

2. be going to

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好，打算、计划要做某事。

Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.

今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。

Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

4

be going to 与 will 的区别

1.be going to

(1)有计划、有安排(说话前已经想好的计划)

I am going to talk about the simple future tense.

我(接下来)要讲一般将来时。

be going to 表示事先就做好的计划，所以这件事发生的确定性较高。

(2)有迹象发生

Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.

看那些乌云，天要下雨了。

(乌云密布，下雨就是大概率的事情了。)

2.will

(1) 当下的决定(说话时才做的决定)

— What would you like to have?

你吃啥?

— I will try the crawfish!

我要吃小龙虾!

❖相对于 be going to，will 发生的确定性较低，毕竟 will 不是经过深思熟虑才做出的决定。

此外，will 还可以跟 maybe，probably 等表“可能”的副词连用(正因为 will 的不确定性)。

(2)预测

The bro will go through a bad patch!

这哥们儿要倒霉了

(3)承诺

I will love you forever!

我会永远爱你!

(4)请求/对请求的回应

— Will you give me a “Wow”?

— Yes, we will!

5.用于时间/条件状语从句的主句(主将从现)

(1)与条件状语从句连用

(2)与时间状语从句连用

❖由 when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句，若从句用一般现在时，主句多用一般将来时。(主将从现)

5

其他时态表将来

1. 现在进行时表示将来

瞬时动词和持续动词都可以用其现在进行时表达将来的含义，主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。

(瞬时动词的进行时任何时候都表示将来的含义，持续动词的进行时只有在含有将来的时间状语或将来语境的条件下才表示将来)

The bus is coming.

公交车就要来了。

The students are leaving on Sunday.

学生们星期日出发。

We’re having a party next week.

我们下星期将开一个晚会。

2. 一般现在时表示将来

(1)come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时位移动词的一般现在时可以表示将来含义，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

火车明天上午六点开。

(2)在时间或条件状语从句中。(主将从现)

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

我到了那里，就写信给你。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will have a party in the park.

如果明天不下雨，我们就在公园举行一个聚会。

6

练习及答案

【典型考例】

单项选择题

1.(2020湖北)—Is Helen here?

—Not yet. but she in half hour.

A.arrives

B.will arrive

C.arrived

D.has arrived

答案：B

解析：根据Not yet可知她还没到达，根据in half hour可知是将来的时间，动词用一般将来时，故选B。句意：—海伦在这儿吗?—还没有，但是半个小时之后她将到达。

2.(2019天津)—What is your plan for next weekend，Lingling?

—Ivolunteer work in the museum.

A. was doing

B. did

C. have done

D. am going to do

答案：D

解析：句意是：玲玲，下周末的安排是什么?我打算到博物馆去做志愿者。根据上文的next weekend(下周末)可知，玲玲的回答是指下周的打算，所以用一般将来时，因此，正确答案为D。

3.(2019四川内江)—Have you watched the new movie，Joe?

—No，I it with my sister this evening.

A.watch

B.are watching

C.watched

D.will watch

答案：D

解析：句意是：乔，你看了这部新电影吗?没有。我今晚将和我妹妹一起去看。根据本句末的时间状语this evening可知，看新电影这动作是将来要做的事情，因此动词使用一般将来时。所以， 正确答案为D。

4.(2019天津)—Could you tell me for the fruit?

—By paying over the Internet.

A. how much will I pay

B. how much I will pay

C. how will I pay

D. how I will pay

答案：D。

解析：根据答语by paying over the Internet可知问句问的是支付方式，而非价格，故排除AB。句意是：你能告诉我怎样付这水果的钱吗?通过网络支付。此外，特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，应使用“特殊疑问词+陈述句”结构，所以正确答案为D。

5.(2019湖南湘西)—We will go for a picnic if it this Sunday.

—Sounds great.

A.won’t rain

B.is sunny

C.will be sunny

答案：B

解析：结合选项可知句意是：—假如本周日不下雨，我们就会去野餐。—听起来不错。在if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，所以正确答案为B.

用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.(2020黑龙江)My mum hopes that I (be) happy and healthy in the future.

2.(2019山东青岛)English Day is coming, and we (organize)an English party soon.

3.(2019江苏连云港)—More than 20 international students (go on a school trip )with us next week, won’t they?

—Yes, they will.

4.(2019山东济宁)China's first set of AI(人工智能) textbooks (come) into the classrooms of primary and secondary school soon in many parts of China.

5.(2019江苏南通)There is something wrong with my computer.—Don’t worry. I(deal)with it for you.

【答案】

1.will be

2.will organize

3.will go on a school trip

4.will come

5.will deal

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