2023年初中英语语法： be动词·一般动词的过去式
be
be
was和were
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现在式 |
过去式 |
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be动词 |
am |
was |
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is |
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are |
were |
过去式be动词表示''过去时间中发生的状态"。
1.(现在式)Heisbusynow.(他现在很忙。)
(过去式)Hewasbusythen.(他那时很忙。)
2.(现在式)My parentsareat homenow.(我父母现在在家。)
(过去式)My parentswereat homeyesterday.(我父母昨天在家。)
※时间副词改变，动词也必须改变
be
含有be动词(was、were)的肯定句变为否定句时，在be动词之后加not (不)即可。
肯定句：主词+was(were)...
否定句：主词+was(were)+not...
例：1.Mr. Brown was a vet.(Brown先生是一位兽医。)
(否定句)Mr. Brown was not a vet. (Brown先生不是兽医。)
= Mr. Brown wasn't a vet.
2.Joe and Brian were in the living room at that time. (那时Joe和Brain在客厅。)
(否定句)Joe and Brain were not in the living room at that time.
=Joe and Brain weren't in the living room at that time. (那时Joe和Bram不在客厅。)
be
含有be动词(was、were)的肯定句变为疑问句时，将be动词放到主词前，句尾加问号(?)即可。
肯定句：主词+was(were)...
疑问句：Was(Were)+主词…?
例：1.Wendy was in the seventh grade last year. (Wendy去年是七年级。)
(疑问句)Was Wendy in the seventh grade last year?(Wendy去年读七年级吗?)
※be动词开头的疑问句，可用yes或no回答。而答句中的主词，须用代名词。
(问句)Was(Were)+主词…?
(答句)Yes,主词+was(were).
No,主词+was(were)+not.
例：Were you a pianist?(你是钢琴家吗?)
(答句)Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.
(是，我是。/不，我不是。)
一般动词的过去式
一般动词的过去式，分为规则变化及不规则变化。
(1)规则变化→…ed
原形动词+ed
例：help→helped (帮忙)spell→spelled (拼字)want→wanted (想要)
原形动词字尾有e+d
例：love→loved (爱) dance→danced (跳舞)
原形动词为子音+短母音+子音→重复字尾+ed
例：stop→stopped (停止)plan→planned (计划)
原形动词字尾为子音+y→去y+ied
例：study→studied (读书)cry→cried(哭).
(2)不规则变化
例：eat→ate (吃)read→read (读) ride→rode (骑) come→came (来)
go→went (去)have→had (有;吃)see→saw (看) teach→taught (教)
give→gave (给)take→took (拿)
例：1.Iwalkto schoolevery day.(我每天走路上学。)
(过去式)Iwalkedto schoolyesterday.(我昨天走路上学。
2.Mothergoesto a supermarketevery morning.(妈妈每天上超巿。)
(过去式)Motherwentto a supermarketyesterdaymorning. (妈妈昨天早上上超巿。)
※主词为第三人称单数时，过去式动词不须加s
一般动词(过去式)的否定句
※含有一般动词(过去式)的肯定句变为否定句时，不可直接在一般动词之后加not，必须使用过去式助动词did(不分人称)。而did之后，必定出现原形动词。
肯定句：主词+一般动词(过去式)…
否定句：主词+didnot+原形动词…
例：l.He called you last night.(他昨晚打电话给你。)
(否定句)He did not call you last night.(他昨晚没打电话给你。)
= He didn’t call you last night.
2.My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday.(我姊姊昨天和我看了一整天的电视。)
(否定句)My sister and I did not watch TV all day yesterday.
=My sister and I didn't watch TV all day yesterday.(我姊姊昨天和我并没有整天看电视。)
比较：否定句(过去式)
a.be动词：She was at home.(她在家。)
She wasn't at home.(她不在家。)
b.一般动词：She studied English.(她学英语。)
She didn't study English.(她没学英语。)
一般动词
※含有一般动词(过去式)的肯定句变为疑问句时，不可将一般动词拿到主词前，必须使用过去式助动词did。而did之后，必定出现原形动词。
肯定句：主词+一般动词(过去式)…
疑问句：Did+主词+原形动词...?
例：1. His friends went to that movie last week. (他的朋友上星期去看了那部电影。)
(疑问句)Did his friends go to that movie last week?(他的朋友上星期看了那部电影吗?)
(答句)Yes,they did./No, they didn't.
(是的，他们看了。/不，他们没看。)
2.Grace wrote a letter to David. (Grace写了一封信给David。)
(疑问句)Did Grace write a letter to David? (Grace写信给David了吗?)
(答句)Yes,she did./No, she didn't.
(是，她写了。/没，她没有。)
比较：疑问句(过去式)
a.be动词：He was sick.(他病了。)
Was he sick?(他病了吗?)
b.一般动词：He did his homework.(他做功课了。)
Did he do his homework?(他做功课了吗?)
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