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2023年初中必备语法——一般过去时

2023-07-12 11:36:54佚名

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一般过去时的概念

一般过去时

用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday 昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年、…ago 等。

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一般过去时结构

⒈ Be 动词的一般过去时

在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be 动词 am is 的过去式为was,are 的过去式为 were,was 是表示单数,were 是表示复数。

肯定句式:主语+be(was,were)其它

否定句式:主语+be(was,were)+not其它

一般疑问句:Be(was,were)主语+其它?

⒉ 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词 did.

肯定句式:主语+动词(过去式)+其它

否定句式:主语+didn't+动词(原形)+其它(did not=didn't)

一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它(do,does的过去时均为did)

注:did 和 didn't 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

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规则动词的过去式

⒈ 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed

如:looked,played,started,visited,stayed

⒉ 以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d

如:lived,closed,liked,loved,tasted

⒊ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i再加-ed

如:study→studied,try→tried,cry-→cried,copy→copied,carry-→carried

⒋以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,未尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加-ed

如:stop→stopped,plan→planned

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不规则动词的过去式

1

is→was

am→was

are→were

do→did

have→had

2

begin→began

ring→rang

run-→ran

drink→drank

sing→sang

swim→swam

sit→sat

give→gave

make→made

come-→came

eat→ate

3

write→wrote

speak→spoke

drive→drove

choose→chose

tell→told

ride→rode

shoot→shot

get→got

win→won

forget→forgot

shake→shook

take→took

stand→stood

4

go→went

meet→met

sleep→slept

sweep→swept

spell→spelt

feel→felt

keep→kept

spend→spent

bend→bent

5

know→knew

fly→flew

blow→blew

grow→grew

throw→threw

draw→drew

特别注意:glow→glowed

6

teach→taught

catch→caught

buy→bought

fight→fought

think→thought

7

find→found

hear→heard

say→said

lie→lay

see→saw

learn→learnt

mean→meant

8

put→put

read→read

cut→cut

let→let

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一般过去时的用法

⒈ 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常有明确的时间状语,如 yesterday,last night,some years ago,in 1890 等,以及由 when 等引导的时间状语从句。

例如:

Tom didn't come to class yesterday.

汤姆昨天没来上课。

We went to dance last night.

昨晚我们去跳舞了。

Hello! I didn't know you were in London.How long have you been here?

喂!我不知道你在伦敦。你来多久了?

⒉ 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作,常与 always,often,usually,seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。

例如:

Then I was in the countryside,I often called on my old friends there.

我在乡村里,经常去拜访那里的朋友。

I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.

我上学时每周去看一场电影。

注意:表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,还可用 used to 或 would 加动词原形

例如:

When I stayed at Aunt Liu's,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.

当我住在刘大娘家时,她常常告诉我解放以来农村发生的巨大变化。

She used to go for a walk after supper,but now she prefers to stay athome.

她过去晚饭后总出去散步,但现在她却真欢呆在家里。

⒊ 用来代替过去将来时。

在条件、时间状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

例如:

They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.

他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息,就通知我们。

He promised that when he went to the bookstore,he would buy me a book.

他答应去书店时为我买本书。

He said he would not go if it rained.

他说如果天下雨就不去了。

They told us that they would not leave until she came back.

他们告诉我们,直到她回来他们才会离开。

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真题演练

1. --Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?

--Well, I___ a test and I'm waiting for the result.

A. will take

B. took

C. had taken

D. take

2. Our friendship ____ quickly over the weeks that followed.

A. had developed

B. was developed

C. would develop

D. developed

3. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but____that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.

A. had abandoned

B. abandoned

C. abandon

D. will abandon

【答案及解析】

1、B

解析:句意:-kevin 你看起来很担心,怎么了?-我参加了一次考试,现在正在等结果。由 I’m waiting for the result 可知是过去参加考试的。

2、D

解析:从时态解题的标志——时间状语上入手,the weeks that followe 的表达约等于 the last few weeks 这一时间状语已经把时间定格在过去,应选用一般过去时。句意:我们的友谊在接下来的几个星期里发展迅速。

3、B

解析:根据 but 提示,是并列句,故前后时态一致。与had intended 相呼应,可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择,由此排除 C、D 选项。且 abandon 动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已,没有在 intend 之前,故排除 A 选项(过去的过去),由此可知答案 B 符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。

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