状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

e.g. I will gotheretomorrow. 我明天去那儿。(there地点状语，tomorrow时间状语)

e.g. The meeting will be heldin the meeting room. 会议将在会议室举行。(表示地点的状语)

e.g. The meat went badbecause of the hot weather.由于天热，肉坏了。(表示原因的状语)

e.g. Thank youvery much.非常感谢。(表示程度的副词)

状语从句的分类

定义

：在句子中起状语作用的句子。分类如下：

时间

状语从句：when\while, before, after, until(直到...), as soon as(一...就...), since(自从)

条件

状语从句：if (如果), as long as (只要), unless (除非)

原因

状语从句：because, for, as, since (既然)

目的

状语从句：so that (为了, 便于), in order that (为了)

结果

状语从句：so...that... (如此...以至于...)

让步

状语从句：thought\although(尽管、虽然);even if\even though (即使);whatever(无论什么)...

......

时间状语从句

When

(1)“当....时”，引导时间状语从句，从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。

e.g. I feel very happy when you come to see me. 当你来看我时，我感觉非常开心。

e.g. I worked for a foreign company when I was in shanghai. 当我在上海时，我在一家外企工作。

while

(2)“当…时”，引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的词语。

e.g. They rushed in while we were having dinner. 当我们正在吃晚饭时，他们冲了进来。

before

(3)表示“在...之前”;after表示“在....之后”

e.g. I will always study hard before I enter Peking University. 在我考入北大之前，我会一直努力学习。

e.g. She showed me many beautiful stamps after I go to her home. 我到她家之后，她给我看了很多漂亮的邮票。

until

(4)“直到....”;not....until...“直到...才...”，有时不用not,而用其他表示否定的词语，如：never等。

e.g. I 'll wait for you until you come to see me. 我会等你直到你来看我。

e.g. I did not go to bed until I finished my homework. 直到我完成了作业才去睡觉。

since

(5)“自...以来”，主句用多用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

e.g. I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University. 我毕业后就在这家公司上班了。

as soon as

(6)“一....就…”，从句常用一般现在时来表示将来。

e.g. As soon as he arrives, I 'll tell him. 他一到我就会告诉他。

条件状语从句

if

(1)“如果”，从句常用一般现在时来表示将来。

e.g. I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我要去参观长城。

unless

(2)“除非”，注意为了强调动作的完成，从句中也能用完成时。

e.g. We will go for a picnic tomorrow unless it rains. 除非天下雨，我们会去野餐。(unless it rains = if it doesn't rain ).

as long as

(3)“只要...”，从句常用一般现在时来表示将来。

You can go out to play as long as you finish your task. 只要你完成任务，你就可以出去玩。

原因状语从句

because

(1)“因为”，表示因果关系的语气最强，常用来回答why的提问。

e.g. I was late for school because I got up late. 因为我起晚了，所以我上学迟到了。

【注意】because“因为”，so“所以”，用于并列句时，两者不能用时出现在一个句子里，只能用一个。

e.g. Because he was tired, he couldn't walk here. = He was tired, so he couldn't walk here. 因为他累了，所以没能走到那。

since

(2)“既然”，常放在句首。

e.g. Since Monday is Bob's birthday, let's give him a party. 既然周一是鲍勃的生日，让我们给他举办一个派对了。

目的状语从句

so that

(1)“为了,以便”，表示目的。

e.g. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 为了你能懂我，我会慢慢说。

in order that

(2)“为了”，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可以用in order that引导。

e.g. He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.(=in order to succeed.) 为了成功，他夜以继日地工作。

结果状语从句

so..that.../ such...that...

由“如此...以至于...”引导， so后接形容词或副词;such后接名词。

e.g. She is so lovely that we like her very much. 她太可爱了，我们都很喜欢她。

e.g. She is such a lovely girl that we like her very much. 她是如此一个可爱的女孩儿，我们都很喜欢她。

特别注意：

当名词是复数或不可数名词时，只能用such。

让步状语从句

though\although

(1)“虽然，尽管”，都表示让步，一般情况下可以互换，although大多放在句首，不可和but连用。

e.g. Although he was Japanese, he spent most of his life in China. 虽然他是一个日本人，但在中国度过了大半生。

even though\even if

(2)“即使,尽管,纵然”，都表示让步，语气比though\although更强。

e.g. Even though he is 24 now, he is still like a little child. 尽管他现在24岁了，但他仍像一个小孩儿。

wh-ever

(3)类引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，常可以换成“no matter +相应的wh-词语”，在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever.

e.g. Whenever I am unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.

=No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up. 无论何时我不高兴，都是我的朋友使我振作起来。

用适当的连词填空

1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China __________ he was fifty.

2. He began to work __________ he got there.

3. Let's begin our meeting __________everyone is here.

4. I like the English people, __________ I don't like their food.

5. __________ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.

6. He didn't come to the lecture, __________ he was very busy.

7. __________we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.

8. They will help you __________ you meet with difficulty.

9. _________ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.

10.I didn't join them yesterday evening __________ I had to go to an important meeting.

11. We would try to get a car __________we could all travel together more easily.

12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday __________ she seldom wrote to her family.

13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you ___________we can.

14. The meeting became so disorderly __________ the speaker had to shout the audience down.

15. He was angrier __________ ever before.

16. The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, ____________ dared not say anything to my mother.

17. Never lose heart ____________ you’ll make a quick advance in your project.

18. In a talk at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes. ____________ his Chinese was far from perfect, the students cheered his effort.

19. Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates, ____________ I’ve never met them after graduation.

20. Scientists say it may be five or six years ____________ it is possible to test this medicine on patients.

参考答案：

1. when; 2. as soon as; 3. as; 4. though;

5. Wherever; 6. because; 7. Since; 8. whenever;

9. Since; 10. because; 11. so that; 12. though;

13. as; 14. that; 15. than; 16 but 17 and

18 Though/Although/While 19 though/although

20. before

选择填空

1. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.

A. Though

B. Since

C. For

D. So

2. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basketball with us?

---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.

A. comes; is

B. comes; will be

C. will come; is

D. will come; will be

3. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.

A. will fall; to help

B. falls; to help

C. will fall; help

D. falls; helping

4. I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.

A. what

. which

C. where

D. who

5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes

B. come

C. will come

D. is coming

6. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green.

A. not; before

B. don’t; when

C. not to; until

D. not; after

7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when

B. that

C. until

D. because

8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be

B. shall be

C. am

D. was

9. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make.

A. careful; little

B. more careful; fewest

C. more careful; fewer

D. more careful; less

10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.

A. before

B. after

C. when

D. while

11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since

B. so that

C. as if

D. unless

12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for

B. so that

C. because

D. in order

14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.

A. because

B. as

C. if

D. since

15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day

B. too lovely a day

C. so lovely a day

D. such lovely a day

16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.

A. such

B. so

C. too

D. very

17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

A. Although

B. Because

C. As

D. As if

18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.

A. With

B. Since

C. While

D. As

19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.

A. So long as

B. In order that

C. No matter how

D. The moment

20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.

A. will get

B. get

C. getting

D. got

答案

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A

6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A

11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C

16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B

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