一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When：当……时候,

通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When：

正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While

在……期间，往往指一段时间。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

：

While表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As：一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

：

As当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment：一……就……

=as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

Not… until：

直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

Before

在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After：

在…… 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

Since：

自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here. 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

No sooner than

一……就……no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once：

一但……就……Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time每次

whenever每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

引导状语从句的连接词有：If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件

If：如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless：如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

Where：在……地方

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever：无论哪里

Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because：因为,通常从句放在主句后.

Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As：因为, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

Since：既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

Since everybody has come, we can set off.

Now that：既然

Now that you are here, you can join us.

considering that：顾及到

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

seeing that：由于

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off.

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…

such…thatSo… that：太……以至于

so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

So that：因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去

Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

Such …that…：太……以至于

用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等

(So) that：以便,

从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that：为了,

与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether等

Although, though：虽然

although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As：尽管

as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

8. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由: as

as：与…… 一样

Do in Rome as the Romans do.

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