宾语从句歌诀

宾语从句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展风采

展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关

主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变

陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连

特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换

三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意

留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间

歌诀解码

一、三姊妹

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

如：

We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

二、三关

1. 引导词关

如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：

Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：

I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：

He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。

如：

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。

如：

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

四、两副面孔

if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

五、从句的简化

“

1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

简化为不定式结构。

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构

3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

中考真题演练

1.重庆A卷

---Do you know ________?

---Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.

A. why did they move here

B. why they moved here

C. when did they move here

D. when they moved here

2.山东烟台

---Do you know _______ ?

---Perhaps tomorrow, but I’m not sure.

A. how we’ll go to the museum

B. which place we’ll visit next Sunday

C. when we’ll travel to Disney Land

D. why he won’t come here

3.四川自贡

----How about buying an iphone 6s for your birthday ?

----Oh, it’s maybe too expensive, Dad. Do you know ______ ?

A. how much it costs

B. how much does it cost

C. how much it cost

4.四川成都

-----Could you tell me _______ ?

-----My life is not what it used to be .

A.what you think of yourself

B.how you like your present life

C.what your life is like after you became famous

5.山东临沂

----Excuse me, do you know _____yesterday ?

---Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes

B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed

D.when did the bookstore close

6.福建福州

----Mr. Black, could you tell me_____?

-----At 10:00tomorrow morning.

A.where we’ll go hiking.

B.when we’ll have a meeting

C.whether you will come to may birthday party

7.湖南株洲

Do you know when ______today.

A.is the bookstore closed

B.does the bookstore close

C.the bookstore closes

8.四川宜宾

We must remember ______.

A.what our teacher said

B.what did our teacher say

C.what has our teacher said

9.江苏南京

---Are you going camping this after ?

---A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure _____the road to the mountain will be closed.

A.which B.what

C.whether D.why

10.湖南衡阳

My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not .

A.whether B.if C.what

11.天津

----Could you tell me _____ you’ll go to Paris?

----Next month.

A.why B.where

C.when D.how

12.山东菏泽

----Excuse me, but could you please tell me ______ ?

---Sure.

A.where is the restroom

B.when the store opens

C.what time does it begin

13.山东德州

----Excuse me. I’d like to take exercise but I’m new here. Could you please tell me _____ ?

----Follow me. I’ll take you there.

A.how I can get to the airport 　　　　　　 B.where the supermarket is

C.how to get to the police station

D.which is the way to the sports center

14.山东滨州

----What did your father say to you just now ?

----He asked me _______.

A.that I would like to see a movie

B.where I will spend my holiday

C.if I enjoyed myself at the party

D.when did I attend the graduation party

15.四川达州

----Could you please tell me _____ Zhang Aiping’s hometown ?

----The day after tomorrow, I think.

A.when will you visit

B.when you will visit

C.why you will visit

D.how you will visit

16.四川攀枝花

Could you tell me ______ the beautiful mobile phone ? I want to buy one, too.

A.when did you buy

B.when you bought

C.where you bought

D.where did you buy

17. 重庆B卷

--- I like Super Brain very much. Do you know ______ on show?

--- At 10:00 every Friday evening. It’s a good program to make science popular.

A. where it is B. where is it

C. when it is D. when is it

18.安徽

---Look at the stone bridge. Do you know ______it was built?

---In the 1860s. It is quite old.

A.when B.how C.where D.why

19.四川广安

---Can you tell me ______ ?

---Sure. For about 3 weeks.

A.how long Thomas has bought the bike

B.how long has Thomas bought the bike

C.how long Thomas has had the bike

D.how long has Thomas had the bike

20.四川绵阳

----Could you tell me _____?

----At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.

A.how will leave

B.when he has left

C.why he is leaving

D.when he will leave

21.新疆阜康、米泉

----Could you tell us _____ the sports meeting ?

----On Wednesday this week.

A.where we are going to have

B.where are we going to have

C.when we are going to have

D.when are we going to have

22.江苏连云港

----What did Max just say to you ?

----He asked me _____.

A.if I would like to go skating

B.when did I buy this CD

C.where I will spend the weekend

D.that I had a good time

23.四川巴中

I wonder ______next week. Please call me when they return.

A.when they will come back

B.when will they come back

C.when they come back

24.四川南充

---Do you know _____ ?

---Sure. On August 5th, 2016.

A.when will the 31st Olympic Games open B.where will the 31st Olympic Games open

C.when the 31st Olympic Games will open D.where the 31st Olympic Games will open

25.甘肃武威 I told the teacher _____ I had seen.

A.what B.which

C.where D.that

26.甘肃武威

Could you please tell me ______ ?

A.where is the Grand Hotel

B.when the Grand Hotel is

C.where the Grand Hotel is

D.how is the Grand Hotel

27.江苏盐城

----I wonder ______.

-----Yes, of course.

A.why we will visit this museum

B.when we will get to the museum

C.whether the museum is worth visiting

D.what we can see in the museum

28.山西

—I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess _______?

—I’ve no idea. But it can’t be cheap. I’ve heard everything is very expensive.

A. how I came back home

B. how many days I stayed there

C. how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy

29.湖南郴州

----David, look at the man in black over there. Can you tell me ____?

----He is an engineer.

A.who is he

B.who he is

C.what he does

30.江苏宿迁

---could you please tell me _______?

---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.

A.where will you go

B.how you will go to Beijing

C.when you will go to Beijing

D.why will you go to Beijing

答案

1--5DCACC; 6--10BCACA;

11--15CBDCB; 16--20CCACD;

21--25CAACA; 26--30CCCCC

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