2023年初中英语语法精讲之宾语从句
宾语(object)
一、基本概念要想掌握宾语从句,一定要对于一些基本概念有一个比较清晰的认知,不然会陷入似懂非懂的局面。:俗称受词,即动作的承受者。这个概念是比较抽象的,我们可以看个例子。我开门。开是个动作,门就是这个动作的承受者,所以门是宾语。类比到英语中:I open the door. open 是动词,表示开这个动词,door是open的承受者,door是宾语。:是复合句中具有分属地位的分句。这个概念也比较抽象,我们可以这样去理解。从表示从属关系,有从就有主,我们可以认为从句是一种附属句,起补充信息的作用。一般而言,,但是有了从句之后,一个句子就可以出现多个谓语动词,有多个主语和谓语。:用一个句子来充当宾语
如果上述概念还是无法理解,那么就记住这句话。
位置关系:及物动词或介词的后面
(初中只用掌握这两个位置关系)。
Practice:
找出下列句子中的宾语。
1. Hey buddy, I will carry you.2.Oh my gosh! We lost the game again.3.Please takeoff your coat!It is so hot outside.
二、引导词
1.that
引导词,顾名思义就是引出宾语从句的词,常见有:陈述事实,一般可以省略
(that
I don’t believe)youcheat me again.
2.whether/if
含“是否”之意,表示对陈述事情不明确或不清晰WhenCovid-19 first appeared, pepole didn’t know if/whether doctorscould cure it。补充:有些情况只能用whether不能用if
2.1 在不定式前
to
I am not sure whethergo to Beijing this summer.
2.2与or not 或or 连用
or not
He asked mewhether I will study abroad.2.3在介词前I am thinkingwhetherwe should go to see the movie.
3.特殊疑问词
what/when/which/why/how等,
I don'tknow what I should do next.
Iwonder how we can go to the zoo.
三、时态
时态问题,是我们学习宾语从句的一个重要内容。
1.当主从是现在的某种时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等),从句的时态根据实际情况来定。I remember hegaveme a bookyesterday.I am thinking why hewill leavefor Beijing tomorrow.I have asked him whether hewassleepingat 8 yesterday.
2.如果主句是过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时等),从句用过去的某种时态。
I knew wholivedthere.I saw shewas talkingwith hermother.He asked whether his fatherwould comeback the next day.He said that hehad seenthe moviebefore.
一般现在时
3.如果从句说明的是客观事实、普遍真理,一律用。
四、语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即主语+谓语+其他等比如:
I can
Could you please tell mehowbe admitted into THU (清华大学)?
错误:Could you please tell me how can I be admitted into to THU?
否定词not
五、否定转移当主句有consider/suppose/think/know等词时,常常要将从句中的转移到主句,注意只转否定词not
I don't think we shouldstay upuntil 2:00 am.
错误:I think we should not stay up until 2:00 am.
六、简化这里考察将复合句简化成一个单句,具体转化形式为疑问词+不定式(疑问词+to do)
比如:Could you tell me howI canbe admitted into THU?简化:
Could you tell mehowto be admitted into THU?
注意:主句的宾语和从句的主语是同一人方可转化
比如:
Couldyou tell me whentheywill come?转化:
Could youtell me when to come?❌因为这个句子中主句的宾语是me,从句的主语是they,不是同一人
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