2023年初二英语下册:定语从句考点汇总
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在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后。
引导定语从句的关系词有三种作用:
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1.关系代词
This is the person who once helped me. 这就是曾经帮助过我的那个人。
(2)whom 指人(在口语中可用who代替),在定语从句中作宾语。如:
(3)whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。如:
(4)which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(作宾语时可省略)
(5)that指物或人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:
(6) 关系代词as
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2.关系副词
(2)where指地点,在宾语从句中作状语,其先行词表示地点的名词(place,room,house等)。如:
(3)why指原因,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词是表示原因的名词(reason)。
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三、巧选关系代词和关系副词
2. 定语从句中的谓语动词如果是及物动词且缺少宾语时,就要选用恰当的关系代词 which/that/who/whom。如:
3.定语从句中的谓语动词如果是不及物动词,用关系的副词when,where,why。
四、巧记that与who(whom)的异同
2. 不同点:
五、巧记that 和which的用法异同
2. 不同点:
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(2)下列情况用which而不用that:
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专项练习
1.Amagneticfieldmayberepresentedin______manner______anelectricfield.A. such …asB.thesame…asC.such…that D.thesame…which
2.We’veallheardofThomasEdison,______inventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings.A.themanwhoB.thatC.whichD.amanwho3.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich
4.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich
5.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which
6.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich
7.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have
8.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto
9.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich
10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who
1.B such ...as结构, 或 the same ....as结构,such as 强调事物,the same as强调相似性。
2.A非限定性定语从句先行语,Thomas Edison, 放入从句为Thomas Edison invented the electric light and many other things, 先行词在从句中作主语,先行词指人,只能用who。限定性定语从句,先行词为the man或a man, 放入从句时在从句中也作主语,先行词指人在从句中作主语,引导词可以用who/that. the man特指,强调只有他一个人,a man泛指,侧重于表示他只是其中之一。
3.B先行词为the classmates and the school,从句为he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用,先行词既指人又指物。因此,答案为B
4.C此句先行词为the girl,定语从句为sister is a Chinese teacher,二者构成的完整句为The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。
5.B此句中先行词all为不定代词,从句为isusefultopeople,从句缺主语,二者构成的完整句为Allisusefultopeople.为了便于理解,All=Allthethings/everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.
6.D考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place, 从句为they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整句为They had never paid a visit to the place before.
7.A此句中,those为定语从句的先行词,相当于those students/clerks, finished diong it为定语从句成分,从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人,用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。
8.A此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语,先行词相同意思用引导词充当,先行词指人。
9.C此句先行词the school, 定语从句my father once worked,二者构成的完整句o为My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示, 也可以用随意性关系引导词in which表示。
10.B前一定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分,先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句转为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。
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