2023年中考英语语法讲练 —— 代词
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代词讲解
一、人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词。
人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格常做主语，宾格常做宾语，放在动词、介词后。主格包括：I, you, he, she, it，we, they。宾格包括：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。如：
1)I am a teacher. 我是一个老师。
2)She is a student. 他是一个学生。
3)Give me the book. 给我那本儿书。
It 的用法。
1)it代替上文提到的事或物。
2)用于句型中：
think /find /feel it + adj./n. (for sb.)to do
It is + adj./n. + that +句子
It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to do
It takes sb. st. to do
3)代替人：婴儿，远处的人，照片中的人，敲门的人。如：
It must be my teacher. 他肯定是我的老师。
Who’s it over there?那边儿他是谁?
2.物主代词。
物主代词包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。前者相当于一个形容词，后者相当于一个名词。前者包括：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。后者包括：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。尤其是名词性的物主代词是重点考察内容。如：
1)This is my book. 这是我的书。
2)This isn't your pen. Yours is on the desk. 这不是你的钢笔。你的钢笔在桌子上。
二 . 反身代词。
当主语和后边的人指同一个人时，用反身代词。如：
I do homework by myself.
反身代词包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。它们经常出现在词组中，如：
by oneself, 通过某人自己
say to oneself, 自言自语
think to oneself, 自言自语
think of oneself, 想到某人自己
dress oneself, 给某人自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself, 玩儿的高兴
teach oneself, 自学
learn by oneself, 自学
make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感觉宾至如归
help oneself to + n.…, 随便吃点儿
help oneself, 帮助某人自己
leave sb. by oneself, 把某人自己单独留在家里
lose oneself in/into…, 把某人自己沉浸在……
look after oneself, 照料自己
take care of oneself照料自己
三. 不定代词。
不定代词包括：some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one构成的复合不定代词，如：someone, anything等。
注意区分这些不定代词的意思和用法：
1. some 和any
some 常用于肯定句中，但也可用在表示提供帮助和请求帮助提建议的疑问句中。如：
1)Please give me some bananas. 请给我一些香蕉。
2)Would you like some apples? 你想要些苹果吗?
any常用于疑问和否定句中，表示“一些”，但也可用在肯定句中表示“任何一个”经常加可数名词单数。If引导的条件状语从句中。如：
1)Are there any desks in the classroom?教室里有一些桌子吗?
2)If you have any questions, please ask me.如果你有一些问题，请问我。
3)I'm taller than any other student in our class. 我我比我们班的任何一个其他的学生都高。
2.many 和much
many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。如：
1)There are many trees in the mountains. 山上有许多树。
2)I have much homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。
3. little, a little, few, a few
little, a little修饰不可数名词，前者表示否定意义，后者表示“有一点”。前边有only, just修饰，用a little。有very修饰用little。如：
1)There is little milk in the fridge.冰箱里没有牛奶了。
2)There is a little milk in the bowl. 碗里有一点牛奶。
few, a few修饰可数名词复数，前者表示否定意义，后者表示“有一点”。前边有only, just修饰，用a few。有very修饰用few。如：
1)There are fewer and fewer trees here. 这儿有越来越少的树。
2)There are a few new words in this article. 在这篇文章里有几个生词。
4. every 和each
every表示三个或三个以上的“每一个都”;each表示两个或两个以上的“每一个都”。如：
1)Every student has a book. 每个学生有一本书。
2)On each side of the road there are three trees. 在路的每一边有三棵树。
5. both, neither和either
both表示两个“都”。neither表示两个“都不”谓语用单数。either表示两个中的“任一个”。neither = not… either。如：
1)Both of them are students. 他们两个人都是学生。
2)Neither of us has a fever. 我们两个人都没有发烧。
3)On either side of the road, there are three trees. 在路的每一边有三棵树。
6. all和none
all表示三个或三个以上“都”，none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，none of + n.(可数名词或不可数名词)， 作主语时，谓语和名词保持一致。如：
1)All the students are playing on the playground. 所有的学生正在操场上玩儿。
2)--- How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有几个学生?
---None. 一个也没有。
7. other和another
other可构成词组one…, the other…，(范围是两个)。可构成词组some…, others…, some…, some …, others…,。如：
1)I have two pen. One is red. The other is blue. 我有两支钢笔。一只是红色的。另一只是蓝色的。
2)There are some students on the playground. Some are running. Some are playing. The others are jumping. 操场上有一些学生。一些正在跑。一些正在玩儿。另一些正在跳。
another剩下的很多中的另一个，不确定是哪一个。修饰名词单数或代词。如another boy。another two = two more另外的两个。如：
Please give me another two books. 请给我再拿两本书。
8. nothing, none
nothing, 什么也没有 ;none 一个也没有。如：
1)There is nothing but a book in the box. 箱子里没有什么东西，只有一本书。
2)None of you can get good grades. 你们没有一个人能够得到好成绩。
9. 复合不定代词
(1)放于形容词前被修饰。如：something else, something interesting。
(2)做主语，看做单数。
(3)复合不定代词后不能加of。如：anyone of us (×)，any one of us. 如：
1)I want to read something interesting. 我想读一些有趣的东西。
2)Something is wrong with the watch. 这只手表有毛病了。
10. that, those
The book on the desk is newer than that/ the one in the desk.桌子上的那本书比桌子兜里边儿那本书新。
The books on the desk are newer than those/ the ones in the desk.桌子上的那些书比桌子兜里边儿的那些书新。
11.打电话用语：
---Who’s that? 你是谁?
--- This is Linda.我是琳达。
12. 两个句型
1)---Who is in the classroom?
---Nobody./No one. 没有人。
2)---How many students are in the classroom?
---None. 一个也没有。
(指示代词和疑问代词略。)
02
中考真题
1.Nancy, carrots are good for__eyes. Eat some, please.
A.my B. your
C. her D. his
2.---My ruler is broken. Can I borrow ___?
--- Of course. Here it is.
A.his B. hers
C. mine D. yours
3. Please come in, Alice. Welcome to ___ house.
A. her B. his
C. my D. your
4. ---Is this Kate’s bicycle?
---No,__ is under the tree.She put it there this morning.
A.his B. hers
C. mine D. yours
5.Thanks for inviting__ to dinner, Nancy. I really enjoyed it.
A.her B. him
C. you D. me
6.I bought a present for__. I hope you like__.
A.your;this B.yours;that
C. you;it D. you;one
7.Mr. Jackson is a popular writer and we all like reading __ books.
A.his B. her
C. their D. your
8.Don’t ask what this country can do for you.Ask__ what you can do for this country.
A.yourselves B.you
C.themselves D.them
9.---Sally,I have__ exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon.
---Great!
A.anything B.something
C.everything
10.---What did Chinese President XiJinping say during the epidemic?
--- __is more important than people’s safety and health.
A.Nothing B.Everything
C.Something D.Anything
11.---Have you brought __ with you? We won’t have time to come back.
---Don’t worry . All the thing we need are here, in this big bag.
A.everything B.something
C.anything
12.---When shall we go on a picnic, Saturday or Sunday?
--- __is OK.I’m free the weekend.
A.Neither B.All
C.Either D.Both
13.---Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it?
---Oh, it's.Thank you.
A.my B.mine C.me
14.Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cookfor me during my stay in Canada.
A. something different B.anything different
C. nothing different
15.____ my father my mother take good care of me. I love them so much.
A. either; or B. both, and
C. neither; nor
16.----Why are you so tired these days ?
----Well ,I have work to do.
A too much B. too many
C. much too D. many too
17.---If there are people driving , there will be air pollution.
---Yes, the air will be fresher and cleaner.
A. fewer; less B. less; less
C. less; fewerD. fewer; fewer
18. There are many flowers and trees on ___sides of the Century Road .
A. each B. every
C. both D. all
19.--- Can I come this afternoon or tomorrow morning ?
----___is OK.I’m free today and tomorrow .
A Either B Neither
C both D None
20.---When are you going camping ?
--- ______today or tomorrow . We’ll be free these days .
A Neither B Either
C both
21.____my father___ my mother is able to drive a car. However , they are going to buy one.
A. Neither; nor B Both;and
C. Either;or D.Not only; but also
22.----Would you like to have__apples?
---No,thank you. I’ve hadenough.
other two B.anther two
C.more two D.two others
23.----Excuse me,is there ___ in today’s newspaper? --No, nothing.
something new B.new something C.anything new
24.---Which would you like , tea or coffee?
---____is OK,I don’t mind.
A.Either B.Both C.Any
25.—Is there ____ beefin the fridge?
—No, there isn’t. There is ____ pork.
A.some; any B.any;any
C.some;some D.any;some
26.Aunt Tina will visit us soon. ____is arriving tomorrow morning.
A.He B.She
C.His D.Her
27.At present,children mean ____ to most parents in China.
A.everything B.nothing
C.anything D.something
28.—Shall we meet at 8 o’clock next Sunday morning ?
— I won’t be free then. Let’s make it ______day.
A. other B. another
C. the other
29.Bill thoughtnecessary to work with friends and share different ideas.
A. it B. they
C. them D. him
30.I’ve been so bored fora long time. I hope to haveto do.
A. exciting anything B. nothing exciting
C. something interesting D. good something
31.—Can she play the guitar or the violin ?
—____. But she can play the drums.
A.Both B.Either
C.Neither
32.___of us wants to go to the park todaybecause we have to finish so much homework.
A. Either B. Both
C. Neither
33. They were all very tired, but ___ of them took a rest.
A. none B. all
C. both D. either
34.—How was your trip in Chengdu?
—Not so good. I stayed there for two days, but it rained on ____ of the days.
A. none B. neither
C. both D. all
35.—How is Helen in the new school?
—She is doing very well. There is____ to worry about.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
36.—Whose pen is this?
—Oh, It’s____. I was looking for it everywhere.
A. you B. yours
C. me D. mine
37.—We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like?
—I’m afraid ____. I think blue will be OK.
A. both B. either
C. neither D. none
38. It’s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ____ of them here.
A. none B. few
C. many D. each
39. The Zhang family are looking forward to owning a house, Last week they went to see several houses, but ____ of them was suitable.
A. either B. neither
C. none
40.—Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan?
—___ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite.
A.All B.None
C, Either D. Neither
03
真题答案
1-5 BDCBD 6-10 CAABA 11-15 CCBAB 16-20 AACAB 21-25 ABCAD 26-30 BABAC 31-35 BCACC 36-40 DCCCD
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