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2023年中考英语形容词和副词核心考点梳理

2023-07-07 17:34:28佚名
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一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成:

1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成

情况

构成方式

原级

比较级

最高级

一般情况

加-er或-est

new

long

newer

longer

newest

longest

以e 结尾的词

加-r或-st

fine

late

finer

later

finest

latest

以“辅音+y”结尾的词

变y为i再加-er 或-est

early

happy

earlier

happier

earliest

happiest

重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母

先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est

hot

thin

fat

hotter

thinner

fatter

hottest

thinnest

fattest

2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如:

原级 比较级 最高级

useful -- more useful -- most useful

difficult -- more difficult -- most difficult

delicious -- more delicious -- most delicious

3.有几个形容词、副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:

原级

比较级

最高级

good / well

better

best

bad / ill

worse

worst

many / much

more

most

little

less

least

old

older(新旧或年龄)/elder(兄弟姐妹的长幼关系)

oldest/ eldest

far

farther(表示距离,译为“更远”)/ further(表示程度,译为“进一步的”)

farthest/ furthest

总结为“两好,两坏,两多,一少,一老,一远” 不规则。

注意:healthy--healthier----healthiest

friendly---friendlier---friendliest

crowded---more crowded---most crowded

二.形容词、副词比较级的用法

1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:

Be more careful next time.下次小心点。

Which book is better? 哪本书更好?

2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:

a. 名词或代词:

He is older than me / I .

他年龄比我大。

b. 动名词:

Skiing is more exciting than skating.

滑雪比滑冰更刺激。

c. 从句:

I was a better singer than he was.

我唱歌比他好。

句型1:as+形容词原形+as

This jacket is as beautiful as that one.

句型2. not as+形容词原形+as=not so+形容词原形+as

前者不及/不如 后者

This school is not as beautiful as that one.

表达前者不如后者还可以用:less +原级+than

This school is less beautiful than that one。

句型3 :1)表示“是......的几倍时” ......倍数+as 原级as.......

This garden is ten times as large as that one。

这个花园是那个的九倍大。

倍数的表达:once ; twice ; three times; four times.......

2)表示“比...多几倍” 倍数 + 比较级+than ....

His garden is 9 times larger than that one.

他的花园比那个大九倍。

句型4 :比较级+than any other+单数名词

“比其他的任何一个...”

He is taller than any other boy in his class.

句型5 :the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....” Amy is the shorter of the two girls.

句型6 :(单音节)比较级 + and + 比较级”

(多音节)“more and more +原级”, 越来越……

better and better

fatter and fatter

more and more beautiful

句型7 :the 比较级+句子, the 比较级+句子

越……, 越……。

The harder you study, the better grades you will get.

注意:比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:

My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。

三. 形容词、副词比较级的修饰语

修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.

只用于修饰比较级的:much; still; even

在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.

He can't jump any higher.

他不能跳得更高了.

Can he jump any higher?

他能跳得更高一些吗?

Do you feel any better today?

你今天感觉好一点了吗?

If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.

如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.

四.最高级的使用

(三者或三者以上) 形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级可省略the,

句型1:the+最高级+ of /in

a. in 表示

“在…内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词.

My mother is the busiest in my family

b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接

Jim works hardest of us all. Of the mountains , this is the highest.

句型2 :One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”

One of the most important languages is English.

最重要的语言之一是英语。

句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语 “

在……中是第几个……”

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

比较级中为了避免重复,常用one/that/those替代名词。往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。

This pen is shorter than that one.

The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.

The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.

中考真题及解析

1、(2016•西宁)-Many boy students think math is ______ English.

-I agree.I'm weak in English.(  )

A.much difficult than

B.so difficult as

C.less difficult than

D.more difficult than

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】--许多男生认为数学不如英语难.

--我赞成.我英语很差.

【解答】答案:C 联系汉语意思可知,这是math(数学)和English(英语)两者作比较,应该使用比较级.根据I agree. I'm weak in English可知,下文赞成上文的说法,表示数学不如英语难,所以此处应用表示"不如…难"的意思.又知much difficult than有语法错误,much修饰比较级;so difficult as意为和…一样难;less difficult than意为不如…难;more difficult than意为比…更难.所以此处应用less difficult than.故选C.

2、(2016•荆州)-How was your interview for the work?

-Oh,I couldn’t feel any .I hardly understood most of the questions they asked.(  )

A.harder

B.happier

C.better

D.worse

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】翻译:你的工作面试怎样?

哦,我感觉不能再糟糕了.我几乎不理解他们问的大部分的问题.

【解答】答案:D.harder是更难的意思,happier是更开心的意思,better是更好的意思,worse是更差的意思,因为下句是I hardly understood most of the questions they asked(我几乎不理解他们问的大部分的问题),所以该用感觉更差,故选D.

3、(2016•张家界)No mountain in the world is as as Qomolangma.(  )

A.high

B.higher

C.highest

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】世界上没有一座山和珠穆朗玛峰一样高.

【解答】答案:A.

根据No mountain in the world is as as Qomolangma,可以推测句意是"世界上没有一座山和珠穆朗玛峰一样高.",由于设空处所在的短语是as…as,其用法是:中间用形容词或副词原级,表示"和…一样",故选A

4、(2016•呼和浩特)He is very rich but that day he bought______ bike to save money for the poor children.(  )

A.an expensive

B.a more expensive

C.the more cheaper

D.the cheapest

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】他很富有,但那天他为了给贫穷的孩子们省钱买了最便宜的自行车.

【解答】答案:D.根据语境to save money for the poor children(为了给贫穷的孩子们省钱)可推知"要省钱必须买最便宜的",故bike前应为形容词的最高级,又cheap是单音节形容词,故其最高级为cheap+est,又最高级前应加the,故答案为D

5、(2016•滨州)一"Food Safety"problem is becoming these days.

-I think so.The government must do something to deal with it.(  )

A.smaller and smaller

B.worse and worse

C.better and better

D.nicer and nicer

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】---如今,"食品安全"问题变得越来越糟糕.

---我也这样认为.政府必须采取措施来应对这一问题了.

【解答】答案:B 根据选项可知smaller and smaller意为越来越小;worse and worse意为越来越差;better and better意为越来越好;nicer and nicer意为越来越好.又根据 The government must do something to deal with it可知,希望政府采取措施应对这一问题,可推测上文意为"食品安全"问题越来越糟糕,是比较级 and 比较级的用法,表示越来越…所以此处应用worse and worse.故选B

6、(2016•重庆)---This kind of watch is much_____ today than last month.Would you like to have one?

---Really?I'll take one.(  )

A.the most expensive

B.the cheapest

C.more expensive

D.cheaper

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】--现在这种手表比上个月便宜多了,你要买一个吗?--真的吗?我要买一个.

【解答】答案:D the most expensive最贵的,形容词expensive的最高级;the cheapest最便宜的,形容词cheap的最高级;more expensive比较昂贵的,形容词expensive的比较级;cheaper更便宜的,形容词cheap的比较级;根据句子中"much…than…"可知这里要用比较级,结合下文语境可知:"这种手表比上个月便宜多了,所以我要买一块."故选:D

7、(2016•苏州)-Playing video games is a waste of time.

-I can't agree more.There are meaningful things to do.(  )

A.the most

B.the least

C.more

D.less

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】--玩电子游戏是浪费时间.--我完全赞同.有更多有意思的事情要做.

【解答】答案C 根据答语"I can't agree more."表示完全赞同,完全赞同玩电子游戏是浪费时间.这里句子意思中用了比较级"有更多有意思的事情可做."the most/the least修饰多音节形容词的最高级,less不如,修饰多音节形容词的比较级;more更多,修饰多音节形容词的比较级,故选:C

8、(2016•达州)---Roy never likes junk food.

---Neither do I.That's probably why I'm becoming____now.(  )

A.healthy and weak

B.healthier and healthier

C.weaker and weaker

D.more and more healthily

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】--罗伊从不喜欢垃圾食品.

--我也不吃垃圾食品.那可能是为什么我变得越来越健康的原因.

【解答】答案:B healthy and weak健康和虚弱的,形容词原形;形容词或副词比较级用and来接,表示越来越…weaker and weaker越来越虚弱,more and more healthily越来越健康,这里healthily为healthy副词形式,修饰实义动词;healthier and healthier越来越健康,根据句子意思"我喜欢垃圾食品,那可能是我越来越健康的原因.",become为系动词后跟形容词.故选:B.

9、(2016•青岛)The talent show is ______ the game show.I like both.(  )

A.as boring as

B.not so bored as

C.as interesting as

D.not so interested as

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】选秀节目和游戏竞赛节目一样有趣,我两者都喜欢.

【解答】答案:C 根据句子中"I like both.我两者都喜欢."这里both指的"the talent show和the game show",根据"我喜欢选秀节目和游戏竞赛节目."可知,这里应该用as interesting as和…一样有趣,as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级,故选:C.

10、(2016•天津)A journey by train is than by coach.(  )

A.more relaxing

B.relaxing

C.most relaxing

D.the most relaxing

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】坐火车旅行比坐大巴旅行更加令人轻松.

【解答】答案:A

根据句中的than,可知此处需要形容词的比较级.即:坐火车旅行和坐大巴旅行 进行比较,relaxing的比较级是 more relaxing;故选A

11、(2016•河南)I have been to quite a few restaurants,but I can say this one is .(  )

A.good

B.better

C.the better

D.the best

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】我去过很多餐馆,但是我可以说这家是最好的.

【解答】答案:D.

根据比较范围 quite a few restaurants"很多餐馆"可知这里要用形容词的最高级,句意是"我去过很多餐馆,但是我可以说这家是最好的.",good的最高级是best,且最高级前要加the.故选:D.

12、(2016•海南)-Who will you ask to help with the work,Lucy or Lily?-Lily.She is much ________.(  )

A.careful

B.more careful

C.most careful

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】--你将会要求谁帮着做那项工作,Lucy还是Lily?

--Lily,她认真的多.

【解答】答案:B.

根据"Who will you ask to help with the work,Lucy or Lily?"可知此处是拿Lucy 和 Lily这两者做比较,应该用比较级.句意是"--你将会要求谁帮着做那项工作?Lucy还是Lily--Lily,她认真的多.",所以用 careful的比较级more careful,故选B

13、(2016•黑龙江)-Do you know Shanghai is one of ______ in the world?

-Yes,it's bigger than ______ city in China.(  )

A.the biggest city;any

B.the biggest cities;any

C.the biggest cities;any other

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级;形容词词义辨析.

【分析】--你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗?

--是的,它比中国任何一个城市都大.

【解答】答案:C 考查词组one of+the形容词最高级+名词复数,即one of the biggest cities最大的城市之一,根据than这里要用比较级,当比较对象属于比较范围之内,要用any other+可数名词单数,故选:C.

14、(2016•深圳)-Good news! Metro Line 11will be open on June 30in our city.

-Great! It will make our lives more .(  )

A.richer

B.easier

C. faster

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】---好消息!地铁11号线在我们城市6月30日开放.---好极了!它将使我们的生活更方便.

【解答】答案:B richer更富有的,easier更容易的,更方便的,faster更快的.根据句意可知:地铁11号线将使我们生活更方便.考查more convenient的同义词,即easier,故选:B

15、(2016•广东)Among the four seas off the coast of China,East China Sea is the second______.(  )

A.deep

B.deeper

C.deepest

D.the deepest

【考点】形容词的比较级和最高级.

【分析】在中国沿海的四个大洋中,东海是第二个最深的海洋.

【解答】答案:C 根据句意:在中国沿海的四个大洋中,东海是第二个最深的海洋.可知这里要用形容词的最高级,考查序数词后接形容词最高级the second deepest,故选:C

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