从属连词

常见的从属连词有：

(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。

(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。

(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。

(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。

1 that

I think(that) he likes football.

我想他喜欢足球。

that引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句，本书只介绍宾语从句。

1.that在宾语从句、间接引语中可以省略，主句与从句时态一致。

I think(that) he is tired.我想他累了。

I thought(that) he was tired.

注意

要特别注意主句与从句时态的呼应。如果主句是过去时，从句一律改为过去的时态，详见第二十章宾语从句。

2.如果主句的动词是 think， believe…;如果主句的主语是第一人称，变为否定句时，要否定主句，译成中文时，则否定从句。

I believe you will leave here.

我相信，你会离开这儿的。

I don't believe you will leave here.

我相信，你不会离开这儿的。

必背!

I hope that～我希望～

I think that～我认为～

I say that～我说～

I know that～我知道～

I find that～我发现～

be afraid that～恐怕～

be sure that～确认～

be glad(happy) that～很高兴～

(以上的that都可以省略)

2 when，while，till，until，since…

When he arrives there he will call you.

他到达那儿以后，他会给你打电话。

when， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是连接时间状语从句的连词。在时间状语从句中要特别注意时态的搭配：当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。

注意

while所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的，不能用点动词。(如begin，stop…)

When I arrived there， it was raining.

当我到那儿时，天正在下雨。

I entered the room while(when) Li Ming was talking with her.

我进屋时，李明正在和她谈话。

I didn't go to sleep until(till)I finished my homework.

直到我做完作业，我才上床睡觉。

We won't work until(till) our teacher teaches us how to do it.

老师教给我们如何做这工作之后，我们才会开始做。

He came to China after the war was over.

比较

连词连接从句不同，意思不同。

He had been in China before the war was over.

战争结束前，他已经在中国了。

=The war was over before he came to China.

=The war had been over before he came to China.

战争结束后，他来到中国。

I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.

自从两年前我开始学习英语以来，我已经学习了两千多个英语单词了。

注意

since引导的是一个过去时的句子，说明自当时以来到现在(自从两年前以来)，主句一般要用现在完成时。

As soon as I get enough money，I'll buy it.

我一得到足够的钱，就买它。

3 because：因为，连接原因状语从句

She didn't go there，because she was ill.

因为她病了，所以她没去那儿。

1.回答Why问句时，只能用because，不能用for或 as.

Why are you late?

你为什么迟到?

Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.

因为在我来这儿的路上，遇到了车祸。

2.汉语中，我们经常说因为……所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。

(×)Because he was tired， so he couldn't walk there.

因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。

4 if，though (although)

If it doesn't rain，we'll go to the park.

如果不下雨，我们就去公园。

Though I was tired， I still worked hard.

虽然我很累，可是我仍然努力地工作。

1.if：如果(引导条件从句)

You can pass the exam if you study hard.

如果你努力学习，你会及格的。

2.though，although：虽然(引导让步状语从句)和原因状语从句一样，如果用了though，although (虽然)就不能再用but(但是)。

Although(Though) I live near the sea， I'm not a good swimmer.

=I live near the sea，but I'm not a good swimmer.

虽然我住在海边，可是我游泳并不好。

注意

注意时态一致，和时间状语从句一样。主句是将来时之时，从句要用一般现在时。

5 so…that：太……以致……

He is so old that he can't work. = He is too old to work.

他太老了，不能工作。

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.

=The box is too heavy for me to lift.

箱子太沉了，我抬不起来。

The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.

这个小女孩太漂亮了，每个人都喜欢她。

注意

注意此句型与too…to的互换。

so…that在肯定句中不能转换成too…to…。