8大时态结构

一、一般现在时

1、概念：表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;事实真理。

2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.

3.基本结构：主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4.否定形式：主语+am / is / are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。

eg：①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。

二、一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

3.基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词

4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

eg：①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。

三、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.

3.基本结构：主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主语+will / shall+do+其它

4.否定形式：主语+am /is/ are not going to+do;主语+will / shall not do+其它

5.一般疑问句：be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大写)

eg：①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

四、一般过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

3.基本结构：主语+was / were+going to+do+其它;主语+would / should+do+其它

4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+not+do.

5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首

eg：①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我问，谁要去那里。

五、现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

3.基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

eg：

①Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉如何?

②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

六、过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构: 主语+was / were+doing+其它

4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

5.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

eg：①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时，我正在读报纸。

七、现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.

3.基本结构：主语+have / has+过去分词+其它

4.否定形式：主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它

5.一般疑问句：have 或 has 放句首。

eg：①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。

八、过去完成时

1.概念：过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.

3.基本结构：had+done.

4.否定形式：had+not+done.

5.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。

6.用法：(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。

eg：She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。

(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。

eg：①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

(3)表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。

eg：①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。(注意：had hardly… when... 刚......就......)

③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。(注意：had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……)